Oxford Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Professor Simon Kay is a Consultant Plastic Surgeon who has combined a long career of complex reconstructive surgery in the NHS public sector with over 30 years' experience in independent practice in Cosmetic Plastic Surgery. He has been an innovator in children's hand and plastic surgery, in microsurgery and in major nerve surgery as well as in hand transplantation. He has been President of British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS), and The British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH) as well as Editor of the Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. He is a full member of British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (BAAPS). He undertakes a wide range of cosmetic procedures and has been a pioneer in the embedding of Clinical Psychology in Plastic Surgery. In 2019 Professor Kay was honoured by the Queen in the New Year Honours List.Mr Daniel Wilks is a Consultant Plastic Surgeon at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Originally from northwest England, he trained in Yorkshire and began his Consultant career at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK, prior to relocating to Melbourne. He has undertaken a UK national fellowship in hand surgery and a fellowship in paediatric hand and microsurgery at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. In 2016, he was awarded the American Society for Surgery of the Hand Travelling Fellowship. Daniel is a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and holds an Advanced Diploma in Hand Surgery. In addition to his consultant position, Daniel is an Honorary Senior Lecturer at the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, and an Honorary Fellow at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.Associate Professor David McCombe is a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon who is a consultant at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and at the Victorian Hand Surgery Associates group based at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne. He has an academic appointment within the University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics at the Royal Children's Hospital and is an Honorary Fellow at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute. He is also affiliated with the Hand and Wrist Biomechanics Laboratory based at the O'Brien Institute at St. Vincent's Hospital. He is the Hand Surgery Section Editor of the Australian Journal of Plastic Surgery and currently is the President of the Australian Hand Surgery Society.

• Section 1: General principles and techniques Section editors: Simon Kay, David McCombe, and Daniel Wilks 1.1: Simon Kay and David McCombe: General principles and techniques 1.2: Gus McGrouther: Tissue healing 1.3: Donald Dewar: Infections 1.4: Mark Goodfield: Structure and function of the skin 1.5: Amanda Murphy, Steven F. Morris, and G. Ian Taylor: Vascular anatomy 1.6: Chetan Srinath and Alan Yates: Anaesthesia 1.7: Siobhan O'Ceallaigh and Mamta Shah: Skin grafts 1.8: Donald Dewar: Skin flaps 1.9: David McCombe and Wayne Morriso: Microsurgery 1.10: Rajib Rahim and Graham Stables: Benign skin conditions and tumours 1.11: Barbara Jemec and Gregor B. E. Jemec: Non- melanoma skin cancer and premalignant conditions 1.12: Michael Henderson, John Spillane, David Gyorki, and Christopher McCormack: Pigmented lesions and melanoma including premalignant conditions 1.13: David Stewart: Wound dressings 1.14: Ian M. Smith and Vinay Itte: Sarcoma 1.15: Daniel Wilks and Simon Kay: Vacscularized composite allotransplantation Section 2: Burns surgery Section editor: Jeremy Rawlins 2.1: Ravi F. Sood and Nicole S. Gibran: Mechanisms of burn injury: thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation  2.2: Fiona Wood and Keith Judkins: The burned patient: physiology and pathology 2.3: Jeremy Rawlins and Isabel Jones: Adult thermal burns 2.4: Suzanne Rea and Sian Falder: The burnt child 2.5: David C.G. Sainsbury and Joel Fish: Electrical injury and burns and their management 2.6: Alexandra Murray: Chemical burns 2.7: Marc-James Hallam, Johann A. Jeevaratnam, Christopher H.E. Imray, and Tania Cubison: Cold-induced injury to the skin and deep tissues 2.8: Johann A. Jeevaratnam, Marc-James Hallam, and Tania Cubison: Radiation injury to the skin and deep tissues Section 3: Nerve surgery Section editors: Simon Kay, Mikael Wiberg, and Andrew Hart 3.1: Surgical anatomy and physiology of the intact peripheral nervous system including cranial nerves 3.1.1: Lev N. Novikov and Mikael Wiberg: Macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the peripheral nervous system 3.1.2: Andrew Hart: Blood supply of the peripheral nerve 3.1.3: Paul J. Kingham and Mikael Wiberg: The Schwann cell 3.1.4: Staffan Johansson: Physiological requirements for action potential conduction, sensory awareness, and motor control 3.1.5: Roland S. Johansson and Per F. Nordmark: Tactile sensory control of the human hand 3.2: Andrew Hart: Neurobiology of injury (compression, traction, laceration) and repair, and grading of injuries 3.3: Clinical features of nerve injuries and their diagnosis 3.3.1 : Robert Bains and Simon Kay: Clinicopathological correlates with theoretical grades 3.3.2 : Simon Kay: Tinel-Hoffman sign 3.3.3 : Arup Mallik: Neurophysiological assessments for peripheral nerve injury 3.3.4 : Simon Kay and Robert Bains: Adult brachial plexus injury 3.3.5 : Robert Bains and Simon Kay: Brachial plexus injury in the child 3.4: Surgical management of the divided nerve and nerve grafts and transfers 3.4.1: Duncan A. McGrouther: Surgical management of the divided nerve 3.4.2: Robert Bains and Simon Kay: Nerve grafts and transfers 3.5: Birgitta Rosén and Christina Jerosch-Herold: Hand therapy after peripheral nerve injury 3.6: Lesley A. Colvin and Sebastian Bourn: Chronic postsurgical pain and complex regional pain syndrome 3.7: Compression or mechanical neuropathy 3.7.1: Andrew Hart: Pathophysiology 3.7.2: Lars B. Dahlin and Niels Thomsen: Compression neuropathies 3.7.3: Anna Barnard and Simon Kay: Thoracic outlet syndrome 3.8: Thomas J. Wilson, Carlos E. Restrepo and Robert J. Spinner: Mass lesions of the peripheral nervous system Section 4: Upper limb Section editors: Vivien Lees and James Haeney 4.1 : Anuj Mishra: Clinical assessment and imaging of the upper limb 4.2 : James Haeney: Anthropological, behavioural, and cultural characteristics of the human hand 4.3 : Vivien Lees: Applied biomechanics of the hand, wrist, and forearm  4.4 : Sophie Collier and Barbara Jemec: Soft tissue infections of the hand and upper limb 4.5 : Richard Milner: Dupuytren's disease 4.6 : David Elliot: Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand 4.7 : Alex E. Hamilton: Microsurgical reconstruction of the upper limb 4.8 : Fiona Peck: Hand therapy, rehabilitation, and rehabilitation following tendon injury 4.9 : Robert Winterton: Amputations 4.10 : David J. Shewring: Fractures of the hand and wrist 4.11 : Carlos Heras-Palou: Ligamentous injuries of the hand and wrist 4.12 : Manu Sood: Osteoarthritis of the wrist and hand 4.13 : Sohail Akhtar: Soft tissue inflammatory disorders of the hand 4.14 : Peter Burge: Inflammatory arthritis of the hand and wrist 4.15 : Fortune Iwuagwu: The flexor tendons 4.16 : Sanjib Majumder: The extensor tendons 4.17 : Cath Hernon: Tendon transfers in the hand and wrist 4.18 : Simon Kay: Reanimation in the upper limb: free functioning and pedicled muscle transfer 4.19 : David Elliot: Pain syndromes 4.20 : Wee-Leon Lam and Megan G. Davey: Embryology of the upper limb 4.21 : Grainne Bourke, Ian Grant, and Gill Smith: Management of children's hand disorder 4.22 : David McCombe: Traumatic injury to the child's hand 4.23 : Paul McArthur: Upper limb spasticity 4.24 : Vikram Devaraj: Soft tissue swellings of the hand and upper limb 4.25 : Geoffrey Hooper: Bone lesions in the upper limb and hand 4.26 : Stewart Watson: Systemic disorders reflected in the hand Section 5: Lower limb Section editor: Umraz Khan 5.1 : Umraz Khan: Classification of lower limb trauma 5.2 : Michael Kelly: Principles of acute management of lower limb trauma 5.3 : Kaz M.A. Rahman and Shehan Hettiaratchy: The devascularised limb 5.4 : Thomas C. Wright: Management of soft-tissue loss without microsurgery 5.5 : Zoran M. Arnez: Microvascular cover in the lower limb: indications and timing, flap types, and technique 5.6 : Mark Jackson: Management of bone loss 5.7 : Moazzam N. Tarar and Ata Ul Haq: Lower limb replantation 5.8 : Umraz Khan and Alan Gordon: Amputations in the lower limb 5.9 : David Wallace: Lower limb trauma outcome measures: limb salvage and amputation 5.1: Umraz Khan: Lower limb osteomyelitis 5.11: Fergal Monsell: Management of congenital limb deficiency 5.12: Fergal Monsell: Orthopaedic management of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia 5.13: Ian Winson: How the foot and ankle works (mechanics of the foot) 5.14: Fergal Monsell: The skeletal consequences of meningococcal septicaemia Section 6: Craniofacial and cleft Section editors: Hiroshi Nishikawa, Felicity V. Mehendale, and David C.G. Sainsbury 6.1 : Jagajeevan Jagadeesan and Hiroshi Nishikawa: Classification of craniofacial anomalies 6.2 : Mark S. Lloyd: Embryology of craniofacial skeleton 6.3 : Andrew O.M. Wilkie: Genetics of craniofacial anomalies 6.4 : Nicholas White: Assessment of patients with craniosynostosis 6.5 : Christian Duncan and Hiroshi Nishikawa: Non-syndromic craniosynostosis 6.6 : Stephen Dover and Martin Evans: Syndromic craniosynostosis 6.7 : Aina V.H. Greig and David J. Dunaway: Hypertelorism and orbital dystopia 6.8 : David R. FitzPatrick: Orofacial clefts: embryology, epidemiology, and genetics 6.9 : David C.G. Sainsbury: Classification, evaluation, and management of the neonate with a cleft 6.10 : Jason Neil-Dwyer: Primary management of cleft lip and palate 6.11 : Marc C. Swan, Conrad J. Harrison, and Tim E.E. Goodacre: Outcome assessment in cleft lip and palate surgery  6.12 : Peter D. Hodgkinson: Secondary surgery in the cleft lip and palate 6.13 : David C.G. Sainsbury, Caroline C. Williams, and Felicity V. Mehendale: Velopharyngeal dysfunction Section 7: Maxillofacial trauma Section editor: Lachlan M. Carter 7.1 : Christopher J. Mannion: Assessment of the maxillofacial patient: maxillofacial trauma and ATLS® 7.2 : Lachlan M. Carter: Fractures of the mandible 7.3 : A. Nicholas Brown: Zygomatic complex fractures 7.4 : Trevor Teemul: Orbital fractures 7.5 : A. Nicholas Brown: Fractured nasal bones 7.6 : Jiten D. Parmar and Lachlan M. Carter: Management of midface fractures: maxilla 7.7 : Nabeela Ahmed, Lachlan M. Carter, and Rabindra P. Singh: Frontal sinus and nasoethmoidal injuries 7.8 : Jiten D. Parmar and Lachlan M. Carter: Sequencing of panfacial fracture repair by 7.9 : Claire Bates, Trevor Hodge, Christopher J. Mannion, and Lachlan M. Carter: Introduction to orthognathic surgery, the assessment of facial disproportion, and orthognathic treatment planning 7.10 : Claire Bates, Trevor Hodge, and Lachlan M. Carter: First and second branchial arch anomalies 7.11 : Claire Bates, Christopher J. Mannion, and Lachlan M. Carter: Common orthognathic procedures Section 8: Head and neck surgery Section editor: Maniram Ragbir 8.1 : Kristian Sørensen: The head and neck multidisciplinary team 8.2 : Charles Y.Y. Loh and Christopher G. Wallace: Anatomy and embryology of the head and neck 8.3 : Jonathan A. Dunne and Paolo L. Matteucci: Tumours of the oral cavity 8.4 : Isma Z. Iqbal, Anusha Balasubramanian, and Vinidh Paleri: Tumours of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx  8.5 : Mark Puvanendran and Vinidh Paleri: Tumours of the larynx 8.6 : Ramesh Gurunathan and Vinidh Paleri: Tumours of the thyroid gland 8.7 : James Wokes and Neil McLean: Tumours of the salivary glands 8.8 : Peter Kalu and Maniram Ragbir: Tracheostomy 8.9 : Vinidh Paleri and Maniram Ragbir: Assessment and management of metastatic neck disease 8.10 : Kaz M.A. Rahman: Scalp, forehead, and calvarium reconstruction 8.11 : Mogdad Alrawi: Eyelid reconstruction 8.12 : David C.G. Sainsbury: Lip reconstruction 8.13 : Matthew Potter: Cheek reconstruction 8.14 : Michael D. Kernohan and Kelly Thornbury: Nasal reconstruction 8.15 : Jonathan Pollock and Maniram Ragbir: Reconstruction of the pharynx 8.16 : Douglas G. Bryant, Alex P. Jones, and Maniram Ragbir: Reconstruction of the mandible and maxilla  8.17 : Onur Gilleard and Kallirroi Tzafetta: Anatomy and physiology of the facial nerve and aetiology of facial nerve palsy 8.18 : Omar A. Ahmed and Richard Chalmers: Management of facial nerve palsy 8.19 : Ivan Zammit-Maempel: Radiology of the head and neck 8.20 : Charles Kelly: Adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancers Section 9: The chest and breast Section editors: Rodney Cooter, Nicola R. Dean, and Kieran Horgan 9.1 : Quoc Lam: Embryology and development of the chest wall and breast 9.2 : Harvey Stern: Deformities of the chest 9.3 : Amy E. Jeeves: Surgical anatomy of the breast 9.4 : Michelle L. Lodge: Congenital deformities of the breast 9.5 : Mark Ashton and Iain Whitaker: Preoperative imaging for autologous breast reconstruction 9.6 : Kieran Horgan, Barbara Dall, Rebecca Millican-Slater, Russell Bramhall, Fiona MacNeill, David Dodwell, Indu Chaudhuri, and Sebastian Trainor: Breast malignancy: diagnosis and management 9.7 : Nicola R. Dean: Breast reconstruction: patient assessment 9.8 : Melissa A. Mueller, Emily G. Clark, and Gregory R.D. Evans: Tissue expander and implant breast reconstruction 9.9 : Mark A. Lee: Latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction 9.10 : Janek S. Januszkiewicz: TRAM flap breast reconstruction 9.11 : Mark Ashton: DIEP Flap breast reconstruction 9.12 : Hinne A. Rakhorst: Alternative flaps for microsurgical breast reconstruction 9.13 : Wayne Morrison: The tissue-engineered breast 9.14 : Marc A.M. Mureau: Management of complications of microvascular abdominal flap breast reconstruction 9.15 : Garry Buckland: The nipple-areolar complex 9.16 : Emily G. Clark, Melissa A. Mueller, and Gregory R.D. Evans: Ancillary considerations in breast surgery 9.17 : Glenda Rudkin and Sarah Gardiner: Anaesthesia and analgesia considerations in breast surgery  9.18 : Nicola R. Dean, Rod Cooter, and Andrea L. Pusic: Measuring outcomes in plastic surgery of the breast Section 10: Abdomen Section editor: Andrew Fleming 10.1 : Kezia Echlin: Functional anatomy of the abdominal wall 10.2 : Omar A. Khan, Emma Rose McGlone, and Marcus Reddy: The open abdomen 10.3 : Kezia Echlin and Andrew Fleming: The principles of complex abdominal hernia repair 10.4 : Jonathan W.G. Lohn and Martin J.J. Vesely: Local and free flap abdominal wall repair 10.5 : Anthony Barabás and Andrew Fleming: Necrotizing fasciitis of the abdomen 10.6 : Donald Hudson and Sean Moodley: Functional anatomy of the pelvis and gluteal region 10.7 : Kezia Echlin and Andrew Fleming: Pilonidal disease 10.8 : Donald Hudson and Sean Moodley: Pressure ulcers 10.9 : Alexandra Crick: Perineal reconstruction following anorectal excision 10.10: Lucy Cogswell: Vulval and vaginal reconstruction Section 11: Urogenital surgery and gender dysphoria Section editor: Oliver Fenton 11.1 : Simon Wharton, Khurram Khan, and David Coleman: Hypospadias 11.2 : Dan Wilby and Dan Wood: Bladder exstrophy and epispadias: functional and surgical challenges 11.3 : Giulio Garaffa and David J. Ralph: Penile reconstruction 11.4 : Dan Wood: Disorders of sex development: surgical challenges 11.5 : Oliver Fenton: Gender reassignment Section 12: Cosmetic surgery Section editors: Nigel Mercer and Mark Soldin 12.1 : Nichola Rumsey and Nicole Paraskeva: Psychological assessment 12.2 : Nigel Mercer and Mark Soldin: Avoiding patient dissatisfaction: the consultation, preoperative preparation, and postoperative care 12.3 : Richard J. Barlow: Lasers and flashlamps in the treatment of skin disorders 12.4 : Sherina Balaratnam, Sami Stagnell, and Tamara W. Griffiths: Botulinum toxins 12.5 : John Dickson and Nigel Mercer: Lipomodelling 12.6 : Brett Archer: Fillers and dermabraisive therapies 12.7 : Adam Searle, Albert de Mey, and Christophe Zirak: Treatment of large and ptotic breasts 12.8 : Nagham Darhouse and Greg Williams: Hair restoration 12.9 : Norman Waterhouse, Naresh Noshi, Niall Kirkpatrick, and Lisa Brendling: Periorbital, lower face, and neck 12.10 : Lucian Ion: Primary aesthetic rhinoplasty 12.11 : Paul Johnson and David Tighe: Modification of the facial skeleton in aesthetic facial surgery 12.12 : John Dickson and Nigel Mercer: Gynaecomastia 12.13 : Marion Grob and Elliott Smock: Treatment of small breasts and inverted nipples 12.14 : Farida Ali: Asymmetry of the breast 12.15 : Nicholas Wilson Jones: Abdominal wall anatomy 12.16 : Isabel Teo and Mark Soldin: Anatomy, physiology, and pathology of body fat 12.17 : Christopher Abela and Mark Soldin: Abdominoplasty 12.18 : Marco Gasparotti, Isabel Teo, Andrea Maria Florio, Davide Lazzeri, and Mark Soldin: Liposculpture 12.19 : Lina Triana and Mildred Martínez Millán: Buttock augmentation 12.20 : Maleeha Mughal and Mark Soldin: Aesthetic surgery of the genitalia 12.21 : Alberic Fiennes: Bariatric surgery 12.22 : Mohammed Akhavani and Mark Soldin: Upper trunk and breast surgery after massive weight loss 12.23 : Dirk F. Richter and Nina Schwaiger: Lower body lift and abdominal surgery after massive weight loss 12.24 : Anthony Barabás and Mark Soldin: Thigh lift 12.25 : Charles J. Bain and Mark Soldin: Brachioplasty 12.26 : Athanasios Papas and Mark Soldin: Aesthetic surgery of the leg 12.27 : Donald Hudson: The ageing breast Section 13: The legal, ethics, and behavioural components of plastic surgery Section editor: Simon Kay 13.1 : Oliver Fenton: The ethics of gender reassignment surgery 13.2 : Maggie Bellew: Psychological consequences of the birth of a child with a congenital hand anomaly 13.3 : Maggie Bellew: Psychological assessment of cosmetic surgery patients 13.4 : Simon Kay and Maggie Bellew: Factitious injury and related conditions 13.5 : Mark Ashley: Legal aspects of consent to treatment and the nature of malpractice claims in the United Kingdom 13.6 : Simon Kay and Maggie Bellew: Consulting with children