English Grammar

Language as Human Behavior

Inbunden, Engelska, 2012

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Beskrivning

Approaching grammar as a process and not a product, this text engages readers in a conversation about English that will help them reflect on how their language works and understand the social judgments that accompany language use—making them feel they are active participants in shaping their language rather than passive victims of grammar rules that someone imposes on them. Employing the terminology of traditional grammar combined with the insights gained by modern linguistic analysis, it describes English as an instrument of communication, and lays the necessary groundwork for thinking about language so that students can extend what they learn to new situations and apply their knowledge of language in ways most useful to them. Three different types of exercises support the learning and review processes and motivate readers to think, talk, and write about English with increasing confidence and sophistication as the term progresses.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2012-04-26
Mått:162 x 235 x 18 mm
Vikt:490 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:256
Upplaga:3
Förlag:Pearson Education
ISBN:9780205238460

Utforska kategorier

Språkundervisning och språkinlärning inom Språk och ordböcker

Mer om författaren

Anita K Barry, Professor Emerita, University of Michigan, Flint

Innehållsförteckning

PREFACE xiii Chapter 1 WHY STUDY ENGLISH GRAMMAR? 1Native Speakers and Grammar Study 1Standard English 2Judgments About English 4The Legacy of the Eighteenth Century 7Reflections 8 Chapter 2 HOW DO WE STUDYENGLISH GRAMMAR? 10Why Do People Disagree About Grammar? 10Who Is the Authority? 10What Role Do Traditional Dictionaries Play? 10Online Grammar Sources 12Why Is There No One Standard? 13Why Do Languages Change? 14What Are the Common Elements of English? 16Constituent Structure 16Rules and Regularities 19Reflections 20 Chapter 3 NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES 21What Are Nouns? 21What Are Some CommonSubcategories of Nouns? 23What Makes Up a Noun Phrase? 26Determiners 27Predeterminers and Postdeterminers 29What Are the Functions of Noun Phrases? 30Subject 30Direct Object 32Indirect Object 33Object of a Preposition 35Complement 35Verbal Nouns and Noun Phrases 36Compounds 38Reflections 40Practice Exercises 42 Chapter 4 VERBS AND VERB PHRASES 46What Are Verbs? 46What About the Exceptions? 50What Are Some CommonSubcategories of Verbs? 53What Is Verb Tense? 57What Makes Up a Verb Phrase? 63What Are Nonfinite Verb Phrases? 66Compounds 66What Is SubjectVerb Agreement? 67Reflections 72Practice Exercises 76 Chapter 5 PRONOUNS 80What Are Pronouns? 80Personal Pronouns 81Reflexive Pronouns 88Reciprocal Pronouns 91Demonstrative Pronouns 91Relative Pronouns 92Interrogative Pronouns 94Universal and Indefinite Pronouns 95Reflections 97Practice Exercises 99 Chapter 6 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 103What Are Adjectives? 103How Do Adjectives Modify Nouns? 106What Are Adjective Phrases? 108What Are Adverbs? 109Is All Well and Good? 112What Are Adverb Phrases? 115Reflections 116Practice Exercises 117 Chapter 7 PREPOSITIONS AND PARTICLES 120What Are Prepositions? 120What Are Prepositional Phrases? 121What Are Particles? 125Reflections 127Practice Exercises 128 Chapter 8 NEGATION 131What Is Negation in Grammar? 131Verb Negation 131Negation of Indefinites 133Noun Negation 135Adjective and Adverb Negation 136Negation of Compounds 137Reflections 139Practice Exercises 140 Chapter 9 VOICE 144What Is Grammatical Voice? 144How Is the Passive Voice Formed? 146How Are Grammatical RelationsDetermined in the Passive Voice? 147Why Do We Need the Passive Voice? 149What Is a Truncated Passive? 150Reflections 152Practice Exercises 153 Chapter 10 DISCOURSE FUNCTION 156What Is Discourse Function? 156Declaratives 157Interrogatives 158YesNo Questions 158Wh Questions 160Tag Questions 164Minor Question Types 167Imperatives 169Exclamatives 170Crossover Functions of Clause Types 171Reflections 174Practice Exercises 175 Chapter 11 COMBINING CLAUSES INTOSENTENCES: COORDINATION 179How Is a Sentence Different from a Clause? 179Sentence Building Through Coordination 179Clause Coordination and Ellipsis 183Reflections 185Practice Exercises 186 Chapter 12 COMBINING CLAUSES INTOSENTENCES: SUBORDINATION 189Sentence Building Through Subordination 189Adverbial Clauses 191Noun Clauses 194Relative Clauses 199Restrictive and NonrestrictiveRelative Clauses 202Reduced Relative Clauses 204Naming Sentence Types 206Reflections 208Practice Exercises 210 Chapter 13 WHY STUDY ENGLISH GRAMMAR?(ONCE MORE!) 215Teaching Grammar 215Final Reflections 217 ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISES 219GLOSSARY 233INDEX 241A01_