DAVID C. SWEET is Dean of the College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University.KATHRYN WERTHEIM HEXTER is a Consumer and Education Affairs Representative at East Ohio Gas Co.

• List of Tables and Figures Foreword by Dennis E. Eckart Foreword by J. Richard Kelso Preface Introduction Part I: Energy and the Poor The Nature of Energy Assistance Programs The Emergence of the First Crisis: Energy for Heating Energy and Cities Part II: The Public Sector Response The Case for Federal Intervention The Case for State Intervention Part III: The Private and Independent Sector Response The Independent Sector Response The Case for Utility Leadership Part IV: A New Crisis/A New Approach Telephone Rates and the Poor The Policy-Making Process: Lessons Learned The Policy-Making Process: A New Era Appendix A: Testimony Appendix B: Summary of FCC-Approved State Lifeline Assistance Programs Notes Selected Bibliography Index About the Authors

DAVID C. SWEET is Dean of the College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University.KATHRYN WERTHEIM HEXTER is a Consumer and Education Affairs Representative at East Ohio Gas Co.

• List of Tables and Figures Foreword by Dennis E. Eckart Foreword by J. Richard Kelso Preface Introduction Part I: Energy and the Poor The Nature of Energy Assistance Programs The Emergence of the First Crisis: Energy for Heating Energy and Cities Part II: The Public Sector Response The Case for Federal Intervention The Case for State Intervention Part III: The Private and Independent Sector Response The Independent Sector Response The Case for Utility Leadership Part IV: A New Crisis/A New Approach Telephone Rates and the Poor The Policy-Making Process: Lessons Learned The Policy-Making Process: A New Era Appendix A: Testimony Appendix B: Summary of FCC-Approved State Lifeline Assistance Programs Notes Selected Bibliography Index About the Authors

DAVID C. SWEET is Dean of the College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University.KATHRYN WERTHEIM HEXTER is a Consumer and Education Affairs Representative at East Ohio Gas Co.

• List of Tables and Figures Foreword by Dennis E. Eckart Foreword by J. Richard Kelso Preface Introduction Part I: Energy and the Poor The Nature of Energy Assistance Programs The Emergence of the First Crisis: Energy for Heating Energy and Cities Part II: The Public Sector Response The Case for Federal Intervention The Case for State Intervention Part III: The Private and Independent Sector Response The Independent Sector Response The Case for Utility Leadership Part IV: A New Crisis/A New Approach Telephone Rates and the Poor The Policy-Making Process: Lessons Learned The Policy-Making Process: A New Era Appendix A: Testimony Appendix B: Summary of FCC-Approved State Lifeline Assistance Programs Notes Selected Bibliography Index About the Authors