ROBERT D. SPECTOR is Professor Emeritus of English and Coordinator of both the divisions of Humanities and of Communications, Fine and Performing Arts at Long Island University-Brooklyn. He is the author of over 400 articles and nine books, many of them on Smollett or aspects of 18th-century English literature, including Tobias George Smollett (1989), Tobias Smollett: A Reference Guide (1980), The English Gothic (1983), Backgrounds to Restoration and Eighteenth Century English Literature (1989), and Political Controversy (Greenwood Press, 1992).

• Shaping Forces: Society, Personality, and Literary Tradition Heroines Fallen Women and Women as Victims Comic and Grotesque Notes Bibliography Index

ROBERT D. SPECTOR is Professor Emeritus of English and Coordinator of both the divisions of Humanities and of Communications, Fine and Performing Arts at Long Island University-Brooklyn. He is the author of over 400 articles and nine books, many of them on Smollett or aspects of 18th-century English literature, including Tobias George Smollett (1989), Tobias Smollett: A Reference Guide (1980), The English Gothic (1983), Backgrounds to Restoration and Eighteenth Century English Literature (1989), and Political Controversy (Greenwood Press, 1992).

• Shaping Forces: Society, Personality, and Literary Tradition Heroines Fallen Women and Women as Victims Comic and Grotesque Notes Bibliography Index

ROBERT D. SPECTOR is Professor Emeritus of English and Coordinator of both the divisions of Humanities and of Communications, Fine and Performing Arts at Long Island University-Brooklyn. He is the author of over 400 articles and nine books, many of them on Smollett or aspects of 18th-century English literature, including Tobias George Smollett (1989), Tobias Smollett: A Reference Guide (1980), The English Gothic (1983), Backgrounds to Restoration and Eighteenth Century English Literature (1989), and Political Controversy (Greenwood Press, 1992).

• Shaping Forces: Society, Personality, and Literary Tradition Heroines Fallen Women and Women as Victims Comic and Grotesque Notes Bibliography Index