ExpertDDx: Chest

Melissa L. Rosado de Christenson, MD, FACR, FAAWR, is Attending Radiologist with the Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging at Department of Medical Imaging, Banner - University Medical Group Tucson, and is Professor of Medical Imaging at the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson in Tucson, Arizona Dr. Santiago Martínez-Jiménez is with the Department of Radiology at Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City and is Professor of Radiology at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, in Kansas City, Missouri. He's a board-certified practicing radiologist who specializes in cardiothoracic radiology

• IntroductionApproach to Imaging ModalitiesRadiographyComputed TomographyMagnetic Resonance ImagingFDG PET/CTUltrasoundApproach to Clinical PresentationChest PainChest TraumaCoughAcute DyspneaChronic DyspneaHemoptysisImmunosuppressionIntensive Care UnitOncologyStridorWheezingLungs and AirspacesApproach to Lungs and AirspacesApproach to Lungs and AirspacesGeneral Imaging PatternsAcinar NodulesAir BronchogramApical OpacityArchitectural DistortionAtelectasisBullous DiseaseCalcification/OssificationCavityConsolidationCystsLucenciesMigratory OpacitiesMicronodulesPeripheral (Subpleural) ConsolidationPulmonary MassSolitary Pulmonary NoduleMultiple Pulmonary NodulesPulmonary Nodules with CavitationModality-Specific Imaging Findings: RadiographyLow Lung VolumesLarge Lung VolumesLucent HemithoraxOpaque HemithoraxLuftsichel SignSilhouette SignS-Sign of GoldenModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyAir Crescent SignCT Halo SignGround-Glass OpacityReverse Halo SignInterstitiumApproach to InterstitiumApproach to InterstitiumGeneral Imaging PatternsInterstitial OpacitiesReticular OpacitiesHoneycombingUpper Lung Zone Predominant Lung DiseaseLower Lung Zone Predominant Lung DiseasePeripheral (Subpleural) Lung DiseaseModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyInterlobular Septal ThickeningMass-Like FibrosisMiliary NodulesPerilymphatic NodulesAirwaysApproach to AirwaysApproach to AirwaysGeneral Imaging PatternsTracheal DilatationTracheal NarrowingFinger-in-Glove SignModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyAirway Wall Thickening (Focal)Airway Wall Thickening (Diffuse)Tracheal LesionEndobronchial LesionMosaic Attenuation and Air-TrappingCentrilobular NodulesTree-in-Bud OpacitiesBronchiectasisMediastinum and HilaApproach to MediastinumApproach to MediastinumGeneral Imaging PatternsFocal Mediastinal EnlargementDiffuse Mediastinal EnlargementAnterior/Prevascular Compartment LesionMiddle/Visceral Compartment LesionPosterior/Paravertebral Compartment LesionCardiophrenic Angle LesionAzygoesophageal Recess LesionLymphadenopathyPneumomediastinumModality-Specific Imaging Findings: RadiographyHilum Overlay SignMediastinal ShiftModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyFat-Containing Mediastinal LesionCystic Mediastinal LesionSoft Tissue LesionEnhancing Soft Tissue LesionMediastinal CalcificationModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Magnetic Resonance ImagingMediastinal MassPulmonary ArteriesApproach to Pulmonary ArteriesApproach to Pulmonary ArteriesGeneral Imaging PatternsPulmonary Artery EnlargementModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyPulmonary Artery Filling DefectPulmonary Artery MassPulmonary Artery InvasionFocal Pulmonary Artery EnlargementThoracic AortaApproach to Thoracic AortaApproach to Thoracic AortaGeneral Imaging PatternsDilatation of Thoracic Aorta (Diffuse)Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta (Focal)Dilatation of Ascending Thoracic AortaNarrowing of Thoracic AortaAortic CalcificationModality-Specific Imaging Findings: RadiographyReverse 3 SignModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyAortic Wall ThickeningHigh-Attenuation Mural ThickeningAcute Aortic SyndromeAortic MassMural ThrombusPleuraApproach to PleuraApproach to PleuraGeneral Imaging PatternsFree Pleural EffusionLoculated Pleural EffusionPleural ThickeningPleural Nodule/MassPleural CalcificationPneumothoraxPleural Air-Fluid LevelChest Wall and DiaphragmApproach to Chest Wall and DiaphragmApproach to Chest Wall and DiaphragmGeneral Imaging PatternsElevated HemidiaphragmCongenital DeformityChest Wall AsymmetryDiaphragmatic MassHerniaModality-Specific Imaging Findings: RadiographyIncomplete Border SignModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyChest Wall Mass (Soft Tissue)Chest Wall Mass (Osseous)Chest Wall Fluid CollectionModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Magnetic Resonance ImagingChest Wall MassHeart Approach to HeartApproach to HeartGeneral Imaging PatternsLeft Atrial EnlargementRight Atrial EnlargementLeft Ventricular EnlargementRight Ventricular EnlargementMultichamber EnlargementWall Motion AbnormalityMyocardial ThickeningAtrial MassVentricular MassValvular MassModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyAtrial CalcificationVentricular CalcificationValve CalcificationCoronary Artery AnomalyModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Magnetic Resonance ImagingDelayed EnhancementPericardiumApproach to PericardiumApproach to PericardiumGeneral Imaging PatternsPericardial ThickeningPericardial CalcificationPericardial EffusionPneumopericardiumModality-Specific Imaging Findings: Computed TomographyPericardial Nodules/Masses