Advances in Cosmetic Surgery, 2018

Dr. Jeffrey S. Dover is the co-director of SkinCare Physicians of Chestnut Hill, a comprehensive facility specializing in dermatology, laser and cosmetic surgery, and he is Associate Professor of Clinical Dermatology at Yale University School of Medicine, and Associate Professor of Dermatology at Brown Medical School. Dr. Dover's research interests are Photomedicine, lasers in medicine, cosmetic laser surgery, and medical education. He is the author of over 400 scientific publications. He has co-authored and edited over 45 textbooks, many of which have been translated into French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Polish and Chinese and are sold to physicians all over the world. Dr. Dover is the founding editor of Journal Watch for Dermatology, produced by the publishers of the New England Journal of Medicine. He is also a Past President of both the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery and the American Society for Lasers in Medicine and Surgery.

• Editorial Board, Contributors, Introduction, Preface: A Look at What's New and What's Coming in Cosmetic Surgery, Nonsurgical Treatment of Submental FullnessVideo content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.Introduction: nature of the problem and noninvasive approachesDeoxycholic acidSurgical techniquePotential complications/risks/benefits/ limitsCryolipolysisPreoperative planningPreparation/procedural approach Immediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recoveryClinical results in the literature Potential complications/risks/benefits/limitsUltrasound and radiofrequency devicesSummary/discussionNonsurgical Skin Tightening: Moving Below the Neck: Breast Lifting, Arm LiftingIntroductionEnergy-based devices for skin tighteningRadiofrequencyUltrasoundLasersShockwavesNew-Generation FillersNoninvasive skin tightening of the bodyNeckDecollete AreaArmsAbdomenKneesSummaryRejuvenation of the NeckIntroductionRelevant anatomy The aged neckSurgical techniquePreoperative planningSurgical optionsPositioning and surgical site preparationProcedure approachRehabilitation and recoveryPotential complications/risks/benefits/limitsManagementSummary/discussionSubmentoplastyTreatment of Striae: Are There Effective Treatments?Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.IntroductionSurgical techniquePreoperative planningPreparation and patient positioning Immediate postprocedural careRehabilitation and recoveryPotential complications, risks, benefits, and limitsManagementTreatment of striaeTopical treatment of striaeDermabrasionNeedling therapyLight-based treatment of striaePhotodynamic therapyNonablative laser treatment of striaeExcimerPulse dye laserNeodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnetDiodeAblative laser treatment of striaeFractional nonablative treatment of striae Fractional ablative treatment of striaeErbium:yag laserCo2 laserRadiofrequency devicesCombination treatmentsSummaryUpdates in Cellulite ReductionVideo content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.IntroductionEtiologyTreatment options to date Advances in treatmentTreatment technique for cellfina andcellulazePreoperative planning (identical to both treatment options)CellfinaCellulazeSummaryCurrent Evidence in Nonsurgical Fat ReductionVideo content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.Introduction: nature of the problemCryolipolysis (coolsculpting)Preprocedure planningPreparation and patient positioningProcedural approachImmediate post-procedural care Rehabilitation and recoveryClinical results in the literaturePotential complications/risks/benefits/limitsManagementChemical lipolysis (deoxycholic acid/ kybella)Preprocedure planningPreparation and patient positioningProcedural approachImmediate post-procedural care Rehabilitation and recoveryClinical results in the literaturePotential complications/risks/benefits/limitsManagementThermal modalities (ultrasound and radiofrequency)Preprocedure planningUltrasound (ultraShape)Radiofrequency (bodyFX) Rehabilitation and recoveryPotential complications/risks/benefits/limitsManagementSummary/discussionNonsurgical Body ContouringIntroductionSurgical techniquePreoperative planningPreparation and patient positioningProcedural approachImmediate postprocedural care Rehabilitation and recoveryClinical results in the literatureLasersRadiofrequencyUltrasoundCryolipolysisTissue stabilized-guided subcisionPotential complications, risks, benefits and limitsManagementSummaryNonsurgical Vaginal RejuvenationIntroductionPathophysiologyClinical treatment indicationsTraditional treatments modalitiesCurrent alternative nonsurgical vaginalrejuvenation optionsLaser-tissue interactions: ablative lasersCarbon dioxide laserErbium:yag laserRadiofrequencyBeyond the vagina: additional applicationsUrinary incontinenceLichen sclerosusFemale genital aesthetics and intimacySummaryCosmetic Surgery Following Weight Loss SurgeryIntroduction: nature of the problem Surgical techniquePreoperative planningMarkingsPrep and patient positioningMarkingsMarkingsMarkingsMarkings: abdominoplastyRehabilitation and recoveryImmediate postprocedural careClinical results in the literaturePotential complications/risks/benefits/limitsManagementSummary/discussionNonsurgical Facial RejuvenationBy Neil SadickIntroductionTopicalsChemical peels and microdermabrasionUltrasoundRadiofrequencyLasersLasers and Light DevicesVolumetric Fillers and NeurotoxinsBringing It All Together with Combination ApproachesSummaryRadiofrequency with Microneedling IntroductionMechanisms of skin tightening and dermal rejuvenationCutaneous response to radiofrequency Cutaneous response to microneedlingFractional radiofrequency: the evidenceRadiofrequency with microneedling: theevidencePatient selectionRadiofrequency with microneedling: the procedureSummaryInjectable Fillers: Comparison of Materials, Indications, and ApplicationsIntroductionHistory of injectable fillersClassification and mechanical properties of fillersTypes of biologic fillersHyaluronic acidBovine collagenHuman collagenTypes of synthetic fillersCalcium hydroxylapatitePoly-L-lactic acidPolymethylmethacrylateProduct choiceInjection techniques and general considerationsInjection techniquesBlunt cannula versus fine needlePatient PreparationRejuvenation of the upper faceAge-Related changesTemplesBrowsForeheadGlabellaRejuvenation of the midfaceAge-related changesMalar regionSuperior periorbital areaInferior periorbital areaCrow's feetNasolabial foldNoseMaxilla and alar baseRejuvenation of the lower faceAge-related changesPerioral regionLipsJawlineJowlsMarionette linesOther applications of injectable fillersHandAcne and other scarsGender-specific considerations in menComplications and how to avoid themAdverse effectsImmediate complicationsEarly complicationsLate complicationsSummaryHigh-Volume Lipofilling/Fat Transfer. New Methods, Techniques, and Technologies. What Is the Science? IntroductionSurgical techniqueRehabilitation and recoveryPotential complications/risks/benefits/ limitsDiscussionSummaryFiller ComplicationsIntroductionGlobal filler safetyComplicationsNonischemic complicationsNodules/granulomasProlonged edemaTyndall effectInfection/biofilmIschemic complicationsSoft tissue ischemiaBlindness/visual compromiseSummaryCurrent controversies/future considerationsComprehensive Treatment of Scars and Other Abnormalities of Wound Healing Video content accompanies this article at www. advancesincosmeticsurgery.com.Introduction: the impact of scarsClinical approachAcne and other atrophic scarsSurgical technique: multimodal scar managementPreoperative planning/considerationsPreparation and patient positioningRehabilitation and recoveryMultimodal scar approach with algorithmsPotential complications/risks/limits/benefitsSummary and future directionsAdvances in the Treatment of Melasma: An Evidence-Based ApproachIntroductionPretreatment planningPatient historyPhysical examinationTreatment approachTopical therapySun protectionDepigmenting agentsOral therapyTranexamic acidChemical peelsGlycolic acid peelsSalicylic acid peelsMicroneedlingEnergy-based treatmentsNonablative lasers1550-nm fractional laser1927-nm fractionated nonablative thulium laserLow-energy, low-density 1927-nm fractionated nonablative diode laserFully ablative lasersFractional ablative lasersIntense pulsed lightPulsed dye laserQuality-switched lasersQ-switched rubyQ-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminum- garnet laserPicosecond lasersSummary and discussion, Picosecond Lasers: Do the Data Support the Claims? IntroductionBasic principles of tattoo removalPicosecond lasers and tattoos: the evidenceChallenges to the treating tattoosApplying the evidence and treating the patientPretreatment planningTreatment and posttreatment careInnovations and future directions: the fractionation of picosecond pulsesSummaryHair Biology and Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis, Neogenesis, and ManagementIntroductionHair developmentHair cyclingStem cell dysfunction in alopeciaNormal hair demographicsDiagnostic test for androgenetic alopeciaAndrogenetic alopeciaMale pattern hair loss and treatmentFemale pattern hair loss and treatment Telogen effluvium and treatmentNovel approaches to androgeneticalopeciaPlatelet-rich plasmaAdipose tissue and stromal vascular fractionConditioned mediaLow-level light therapy SummaryPlatelet-Rich Plasma: Fact or Fantasy? IntroductionThe history of platelet-rich plasmaDefinition and functional components of platelet-rich plasmaIsolation of platelet-rich plasma and classificationCurrent platelet-rich plasma applicationsDoes platelet-rich plasma improve wound healing? Does platelet-rich plasma improve scar appearance? Does platelet-rich plasma enhance fat grafting? Does platelet-rich plasma promote hair growth? Does platelet-rich plasma rejuvenate the skin? What is the role of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct in cosmetic surgeries? Platelet-rich plasma in other specialtiesAdverse effects of platelet-rich plasmaFuture direction of platelet-rich plasma: turningfantasy into factUpdates in Medical Skin CareIntroductionTopical cosmeceutical goalsKey pointsSkin-lightening cosmeceuticalsKey pointsPeptide-containing cosmeceuticalsKey pointsxii CONTENTSVitamin cosmeceuticalsKey pointsCosmeceutical botanicalsKey pointsSummaryPatient Safety Issues: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis by the DataIntroductionIndividualized risk stratificationInpatient/outpatient surgeryProcedure-related riskPreoperative optimizationVenous thromboembolism prevention strategiesFuture avenuesMonitoring for adequacy of chemoprophylaxisIs the 2005 caprini risk assessment model accurate for cosmetic surgery?Summary