Adrenal Disorders

"This book provides practical guidance and clinical insight for the assessment and management of a wide variety of adrenal disorders using cased-based learning. It is a helpful resource for practitioners and trainees alike, especially for reviewing rarely seen cases with expert advice." ©Doody's Review Service, 2022, Marcelo Ramirez, M.D. (Cook County Health)

• Section A. Incidentally Discovered Adrenal MassCase #1: 45-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Large Adrenal MassCase #2: Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Imaging Case #3: Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass in a Patient with History of Extra-adrenal Malignancy: the Role of Adrenal Biopsy Case #4: Nonfunctioning Lipid Rich Adrenocortical Adenoma-Role of Follow-up Case #5: 54-Year Old Woman with an Incidentally Discovered Adrenal Mass and Abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Role of AdrenalectomyCase #6: Lipid Poor Adrenal Masses-The Case for Aggressive ManagementSection B. Primary AldosteronismCase #7: Primary Aldosteronism-When Adrenal Venous Sampling is not Needed Before Unilateral AdrenalectomyCase #8: Primary Aldosteronism with Unilateral Adrenal Nodule on Computed TomographyCase #9: Primary Aldosteronism with Bilateral Adrenal Nodules on Computed TomographyCase #10: Primary Aldosteronism Caused by Unilateral Adrenal HyperplasiaCase #11: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia and Associated Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretionCase #12: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient with an Adrenal Macroadenoma and Clinically Important Cortisol Co-secretionCase #13: Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Treated with SpironolactoneCase #14: Failed Catheterization of the Right Adrenal Vein-When Incomplete Adrenal Venous Sampling Data Can Be Used to Direct a Surgical CureCase #15: Primary Aldosteronism: When Adrenal Venous Sampling Shows Suppressed Aldosterone Secretion From Both Adrenal GlandsSection C. ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome Case #16: 28-Year-Old Woman with Remote History of Adrenal Mass Presenting with New Onset Hypertension and Weight Gain Case #17: 26-Year-Old Woman with a Discrepant Work-up for Cushing Syndrome SubtypeCase #18: 45-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome and Bilateral Adrenal Adenomas Case #19: Corticotropin-Independent Cushing Syndrome in a Patient with "Normal” Adrenal Imaging Case #20: 66-Year-Old Woman with Corticotropin-Independent Hypercortisolism and Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal HyperplasiaCase #21: 35-Year-Old Woman with Low Bone Density and Fractures Case #22: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Adrenal Adenoma with Clinically Important Cortisol Secretory Autonomy Section D. Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma and Oncocytic Neoplasm Case #23: Adrenal cortical carcinoma in a patient with history of adrenal incidentalomaCase #24: Unexpected Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: Role of Urinary Steroid ProfilingCase #25: Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma Case #26: Mitotane therapy in the ENSAT Stage II Adrenocortical CarcinomaCase #27: Cortisol-Secreting Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma-Role for Surgical Debulking of the Primary TumorCase #28: Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Severe Cushing SyndromeCase #29: Pure Aldosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical CarcinomaCase #30: Long-standing Primary Aldosteronism in a Patient Diagnosed with Metastatic Adrenocortical CarcinomaCase #31: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Lynch SyndromeCase #32: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1Case #33: Adrenocortical Carcinoma Presenting with Inferior Vena Cava ThrombusCase #34: Management of Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Section E. Pheochromocytoma and ParagangliomaCase #35: Most Pheochromocytomas Grow SlowlyCase #36: The "Prebiochemical” PheochromocytomaCase #37: Huge Catecholamine-Secreting TumorCase#38: Metyrosine Use in a Patient with Metastatic PheochromocytomaCase #39: Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1Case #40: New Diagnosis of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A in a Patient with Bilateral Pheochromocytomas Case #41: Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with von Hippel Lindau DiseaseCase #42: Bilateral Pheochromocytoma in a Patient with MYC-associated Protein X (MAX) Genetic PredispositionCase #43: The Cystic PheochromocytomaCase #44: Skull Base and Neck Paragangliomas-Considerations for the EndocrinologistCase #45: Cardiac Paraganglioma.Case #46: Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2BCase #47: Metastatic Paraganglioma-An Approach to Management and the Use Serial Imaging to Assess Rate of Tumor ProgressionCase #48: Metastatic Pheochromocytoma-Role for 68-Ga DOTATATE PET CTCase #49: Carney Triad (Pentad) and Catecholamine-Secreting ParagangliomasCase #50: Metastatic Paraganglioma-Role For Systemic ChemotherapyCase #51: Cryoablation Therapy for Metastatic ParagangliomaCase #52: Paraganglioma in a patient with cyanotic cardiac diseaseCase #53: Metastatic Paraganglioma-Role For External Beam Radiation Therapy Section F. Corticotropin (ACTH)-Dependent HypercortisolismCase #54:ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome can be frequently misdiagnosedCase #55: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome-Role for Inferior Petrosal Sinus SamplingCase #56: ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome-When Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling is Not NeededCase #57: Severe ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome Due to a Pituitary AdenomaEctopic Cushing Syndrome Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2BCase #59: Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Treated with Cryoablation  Case #60: Cyclical Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Case #61: Mild Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin Secretion Case #62: Bilateral Adrenal Cryoablation in Corticotropin-dependent Cushing SyndromeCase #63: Cushing Syndrome Associated with Ectopic Corticotropin and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Secreting PheochromocytomaCase #64: Cushing Syndrome in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1Section G. Other Adrenal MassesCase #65: Adrenal Myelolipoma-A Computed Tomography DiagnosisCase #66: Adrenal SchwannomaCase #67: Trauma-Related Unilateral Adrenal HemorrhageCase #68: Bilateral Adrenal HemorrhageCase #69: Primary Adrenal TeratomaCase #70: The Adrenal StoneCase #71: Simple Adrenal CystCase #72: Adrenal Cystic LymphangiomaCase #73: Adrenal HemangiomaCase #74: Adrenal GanglioneuromaCase #75: 42-Year-Old Woman with a Large Adrenal Mass  Case #76: Primary Adrenal LeiomyosarcomaCase #77: Primary Adrenal LymphomaCase #78. 39-Year-Old Man with a Large Adrenal Mass  Case # 79: 59-Year-Old Man with Enlarging Bilateral Adrenal Masses  Case # 80: 65-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency  Case #81: 47-Year-Old Man with Primary Adrenal InsufficiencyCase #82: Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipoma-Think of Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaCase #83: A Unilateral Lipid Poor Adrenal Mass-An Atypical Presentation of Adrenal HistoplasmosisCase #84: Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (BMAH) in the Setting of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1Case #85: Pseudo-Adrenal MassesSection H. Adrenal and Ovarian HyperandrogenismCase #86: A Huge Adrenal Myelolipoma in a Patient with a Suboptimally Controlled Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaCase #87: Balancing Glucocorticoid and Androgen Excess in Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaCase #88: Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S): The "Love it” or "Hate it” HormoneCase #89: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal and an Ovarian MassCase #90: Primary Testosterone-Secreting Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a Premenopausal Woman.Case #91: Premenopausal Woman with Testosterone-secreting Ovarian TumorCase #92: Sorting out the Source of Androgen Excess in a Postmenopausal Woman with an Adrenal MassCase #93: Testosterone-Secreting Benign Adrenal Adenoma in a Postmenopausal Woman Section I. Adrenal Disorders in PregnancyCase #94: Malignant Pheochromocytoma in PregnancyCase #95: Catecholamine-Secreting Paraganglioma in PregnancyCase #96: The Peripartum Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and a Genetic Mystery SolvedCase #97. History of Pregnancy in a 41-Year-Old Woman with Undiagnosed Cushing syndromeCase #98: Pregnancy in a Patient with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Case #99: Pregnancy in a Patient with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Case #100: Primary Aldosteronism in Pregnancy