The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Cardiovascular System, Volume 8

Inbunden, Engelska, 2024

Del i serien Netter Green Book Collection

912 kr

Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.

Beskrivning

Offering a concise, highly visual approach to the basic science and clinical pathology of the cardiovascular system, this updated volume in The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations (the CIBA "Green Books") contains unparalleled didactic illustrations reflecting the latest medical knowledge. Revised by Drs. Jamie B. Conti and C. Richard Conti, Cardiovascular System, Volume 8 integrates core concepts of anatomy, physiology, and other basic sciences with common clinical correlates across health, medical, and surgical disciplines. Classic Netter art, updated and new illustrations, and modern imaging continue to bring medical concepts to life and make this timeless work an essential resource for students, clinicians, and educators.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2024-05-08
Mått:249 x 301 x 20 mm
Vikt:1 360 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Netter Green Book Collection
Antal sidor:328
Upplaga:3
Förlag:Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN:9780323881296

Utforska kategorier

Anatomi inom Medicin
Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar inom Medicin

Innehållsförteckning

SECTION 1 ANATOMY1.1 Thorax: Lungs in Situ1.2 Thorax: Heart in Situ1.3 Thorax: Mediastinum1.4 Thorax: Pericardial Sac1.5 Exposure of the Heart: Anterior Exposure1.6 Exposure of the Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surfaces1.7 Atria and Ventricles: Right Atrium and Right Ventricle1.8 Atria and Ventricles: Left Atrium and Left Ventricle1.9 Atria and Ventricles: Atria, Ventricles, and Interventricular Septum1.10 Valves: Cardiac Valves Open and Closed1.11 Valves: Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart1.12 Specialized Conduction System of Heart1.13 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Sternocostal and Diaphragmatic Surfaces1.14 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Arteriovenous Variations1.15 Innervation of Heart: Nerves of Heart1.16 Innervation of Heart: Schema of InnervationSECTION 2 PHYSIOLOGY2.1 Cardiovascular Examination: Cardiac Cycle2.2 Cardiovascular Examination: Important Components2.3 Cardiovascular Examination: Positions for Cardiac Auscultation2.4 Cardiovascular Examination: Areas of Cardiac Auscultation2.5 Cardiovascular Examination: Murmurs2.6 Neural and Humoral Regulation of Cardiac Function2.7 Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy2.8 Cardiac Catheterization: Vascular Access2.9 Cardiac Catheterization: Left-Sided Heart Catheterization2.10 Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Saturations (O2) and Pressure2.11 Cardiac Catheterization: Examples of O2 and Pressure Findings and Pressure Tracings in Heart Diseases2.12 Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration2.13 Specialized Conduction System: Physiology2.14 Specialized Conduction System: Electrical Activity of the Heart2.15 Electrocardiogram2.16 Electrocardiogram (Continued)2.17 Progression of Depolarization2.18 End of Depolarization Followed by Repolarization2.19 Axis Deviation in Normal Electrocardiogram2.20 Atrial Enlargement2.21 Ventricular Hypertrophy2.22 Bundle Branch Block2.23 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome2.24 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia2.25 Sinus and Atrial Arrhythmias2.26 Premature Contraction2.27 Sinus Arrest, Sinus Block, and Atrioventricular Block2.28 Tachycardia, Fibrillation, and Atrial Flutter2.29 Sudden Cardiac Death2.30 Effect of Digitalis and Calcium/Potassium Levels on Electrocardiogram2.31 Cardiac Pacing: Dual Chamber and Biventricular2.32 Cardiac Pacing: Leadless Technology and Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter DefibrillatorsSECTION 3 IMAGING3.1 Radiology: Frontal Projection3.2 Radiology: Right Anterior Oblique Projection3.3 Radiology: Left Anterior Oblique Projection3.4 Radiology: Lateral Projection3.5 Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures3.6 Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of RightSided Heart Structures3.7 Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures3.8 Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures3.9 Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Right Coronary Artery3.10 Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Left Coronary Artery3.11 Intravascular Ultrasound3.12 Transthoracic Cardiac Ultrasound3.13 Doppler Echocardiography3.14 Transesophageal Echocardiography3.15 Intracardiac Echocardiography3.16 Optical Coherence Tomography3.17 Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography3.18 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging3.19 Ventriculography3.20 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Cardiac Cycle and Calcium Contrast Studies3.21 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Interpretation (Continued)3.22 Radiation Dose Concerns3.23 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging3.24 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued)SECTION 4 EMBRYOLOGY4.1 Early Embryonic Development4.2 Early Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis4.3 Formation of the Heart Tube: One-Somite and Two-Somite Stages4.4 Formation of the Heart Tube: Four-Somite and Seven-Somite Stages4.5 Formation of the Heart Loop: 10-Somite and 14-Somite Stages4.6 Formation of the Heart Loop: 20-Somite Stage4.7 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Development of Ventricles and Atrioventricular Valves4.8 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 27 and 29 Days4.9 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 31 and 33 Days4.10 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 37 and 55 Days4.11 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Heart Tube Derivatives4.12 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Partitioning of the Heart Tube: Atrial Septation4.13 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Embryonic Origins, Right and Left Sides4.14 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 3, 4, and 10 mm4.15 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 14 mm, 17 mm, and at Term4.16 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 4, 10, and 14 mm4.17 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 17 mm, 24 mm, and at Term4.18 Fetal Circulation and Changes at Birth4.19 Three Early Vascular SystemsSECTION 5 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE5.1 Physical Examination5.2 Anomalies of the Great Systemic Veins5.3 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection5.4 Surgery for Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return5.5 Anomalies of the Atria5.6 Defects of the Atrial Septum: Anatomy5.7 Defects of the Atrial Septum: Surgery5.8 Defects of the Atrial Septum: Septal Occluder Device5.9 Endocardial Cushion Defects: Anatomy and Embryology5.10 Endocardial Cushion Defects: Surgery for Ostium Primum and Cleft Mitral Valve5.11 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Tricuspid Atresia5.12 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Glenn Surgery for Tricuspid Atresia5.13 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Ebstein Anomaly5.14 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Types of Ebstein Anomaly5.15 Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum5.16 Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum (Continued)5.17 Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum: Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect5.18 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Tetralogy of Fallot5.19 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pathophysiology and Blalock-Taussig Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot5.20 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Corrective Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot5.21 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot5.22 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Eisenmenger Complex and Double-Outlet Right Ventricle5.23 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia5.24 Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: Aortic Atresia, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Aortic Valvular Stenosis5.25 Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: Fibrous and Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenoses5.26 Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: Norwood Correction of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome5.27 Transposition of the Great Vessels5.28 Transposition of the Great Vessels: Mustard and Blalock-Hanlon Operations5.29 Transposition of the Great Vessels: Balloon Atrial Septostomy and Arterial Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries5.30 Transposition of the Great Vessels with Inversion of Ventricles5.31 Anomalies of the Truncus Septum5.32 Anomalous Left Coronary Artery and Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva5.33 Anomalous Coronary Arteries Seen in Adult Patients5.34 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Patent Ductus Arteriosus5.35 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery5.36 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Double Aortic Arch and Right Aortic Arch Anomalies5.37 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Artery5.38 Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates5.39 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Coarctation of Aorta5.40 Endocardial Fibroelastosis and Glycogen Storage DiseaseSECTION 6 ACQUIRED HEART DISEASEIschemic Heart Disease6.1 Structure of Coronary Arteries6.2 Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis6.3 Risk Factors in Etiology of Atherosclerosis6.4 Pathologic Changes in Coronary Artery Disease6.5 End Organ Damage by Vascular Disease6.6 Unstable Plaque Formation6.7 Angiogenesis and ArteriogenesisChronic Angina6.8 Overview of Myocardial Ischemia6.9 Angina Pectoris6.10 Coronary Artery Spasm6.11 Detection of Myocardial Ischemia6.12 Degree of Flow-Limiting Stenoses6.13 Left-Sided Heart Angiography6.14 Fractional Flow Reserve6.15 Stent Deployment6.16 Rotational Atherectomy and Distal Protection DeviceAcute Coronary Syndromes6.17 Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes6.18 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart6.19 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)6.20 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)6.21 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)6.22 Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: First Day to Several Weeks6.23 Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: Effects of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury, and Infarction on ECG6.24 Recanalization of Occluded Coronary Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction6.25 Intraaortic Balloon CounterpulsationAcute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease6.26 Sydenham Chorea: Infection, Disease Course, and Heart Muscle6.27 Sydenham Chorea: Noncardiac Manifestations6.28 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Pericarditis and Myocarditis6.29 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Valvular Involvement6.30 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Residual Changes of Acute Rheumatic Carditis6.31 Mitral Stenosis: Pathologic Anatomy6.32 Mitral Stenosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects6.33 Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Anatomic Effects6.34 Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Pulmonary Effects6.35 Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications6.36 Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Principal Sites of Embolism from Left Atrial Thrombosis6.37 Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty6.38 Mitral Regurgitation6.39 Mitral Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects6.40 Mitral Valve Clip6.41 Mitral Valve Repair6.42 Mitral Valve ProlapseAortic and Vascular Disease6.43 Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes6.44 Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes (Continued)6.45 Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology6.46 Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology (Continued)6.47 Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement6.48 Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta6.49 Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta: Surgical Management6.50 Syphilitic Aortic DiseaseProsthetic Valve Surgery6.51 First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves6.52 Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves6.53 Mitral Valve Replacement6.54 Aortic Valve Replacement6.55 Excision of Aortic Aneurysm and Replacement of Aortic Valve for Cystic Medial Necrosis6.56 Multiple Valve Replacement6.57 Insertion of Trileaflet Aortic Valve6.58 Aortic Valve Biologic GraftsTricuspid Valve Disease6.59 Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation and Multivalvular Disease6.60 Tricuspid Stenosis and/or InsufficiencyAmyloidosis, Myocarditis, and Other Cardiomyopathies6.61 Amyloidosis6.62 Septic Myocarditis6.63 Diphtheritic and Viral Myocarditis6.64 Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma6.65 Idiopathic Myocarditis6.66 Endomyocardial Fibrosis6.67 Loeffler Endocarditis6.68 Becker Disease6.69 Beriberi6.70 Cardiomyopathies6.71 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and the Heart6.72 Substance Abuse and the HeartPericardial Disease6.73 Presentation and Treatment of Pericarditis6.74 Etiologies of Pericarditis6.75 Constrictive PericarditisAcute and Chronic Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism6.76 Massive Embolization6.77 Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction6.78 Lesions That May Cause Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Cor Pulmonale6.79 Chronic Cor Pulmonale6.80 Deep Vein ThrombosisInfective Endocarditis6.81 Infective Endocarditis: Portals of Entry and Predisposing Lesions6.82 Early Lesions of Infective Endocarditis6.83 Advanced Lesions of Infective Endocarditis6.84 Right-Sided Heart Involvement in Infective Endocarditis6.85 Cardiac Sequelae of Infective Endocarditis6.86 Mycotic Aneurysms and Emboli in the Heart6.87 Remote Embolic Effects of Infective Endocarditis6.88 Nonbacterial Thrombotic (Marantic) EndocarditisCardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Hypothermia Therapy6.89 External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation6.90 Internal Cardiac Massage6.91 DefibrillationConnective Tissue Disease6.92 Rheumatoid Arthritis6.93 Ankylosing Spondylitis6.94 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis6.95 Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)6.96 Systemic Lupus ErythematosusEndocrine Disorders and Cardiac Disease6.97 Acromegaly6.98 Hyperthyroidism: Thyrotoxicosis6.99 Hypothyroidism: Myxedema6.100 Cushing Syndrome6.101 Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Mineralocorticoid Hypertension6.102 PheochromocytomaHeart Tumors6.103 Myxoma and Rhabdomyoma6.104 Metastatic Tumors of the HeartHypertension6.105 Interdependent and Interacting Factors in Blood Pressure Regulation6.106 Etiology of Hypertension6.107 Renin-Angiotensin System6.108 Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension6.109 Causes of Secondary Hypertension Possibly Amenable to Surgery6.110 Retinal Changes in Hypertension6.111 Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery6.112 Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery (Continued)6.113 Kidneys and Hypertension6.114 Heart Disease in Hypertension6.115 Heart Disease in Hypertension (Continued)6.116 Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure Disease6.117 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and HypertensionNeuromuscular Disorders6.118 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy6.119 Myotonic Dystrophy6.120 Friedreich Ataxia6.121 Disorders of Potassium MetabolismPenetrating and Nonpenetrating Heart Trauma6.122 Cardiac Tamponade in Penetrating Heart Wounds6.123 Relative Distribution of Penetrating Heart Wounds6.124 Variable Course of Penetrating Heart Wounds6.125 Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy6.126 Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy (Continued)6.127 Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Pathogenesis and Variable Course of Cardiac Contusion6.128 Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Myocardial Rupture and Valvular Injuries6.129 Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Mechanism of Sudden Cardiac Death in Commotio CordisPercutaneous Intervention Procedures6.130 Percutaneous Approaches to Reduce Cerebral Emboli6.131 Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Device6.132 Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial DiseaseHeart Failure6.133 Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure and Systemic Congestion: Physical Examination6.134 Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary Congestion6.135 Pulmonary Congestion or Edema of Cardiac and Other Origins6.136 Causes and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema6.137 Cardiac Origins of Peripheral or Systemic Congestion or Edema6.138 Therapy for Pulmonary Edema and Paroxysmal Dyspnea6.139 Biventricular Pacing and Intracardiac Defibrillator: Benefit of Biventricular Pacing6.140 Biventricular Pacing and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator6.141 Diastolic Heart Failure6.142 Heart Transplantation: Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation6.143 Heart Transplantation: Bicaval Cardiac Transplantation6.144 Heart Transplantation: HeartMate XVE and II Left Ventricular Assist SystemsSudden Cardiac Death in Young Athletes6.145 Sudden Death in Hypertrophic CardiomyopathySyncope6.146 Management of SyncopeParasitic Disease and the Heart6.147 Trichinosis (Parasitic Heart Disease)6.148 Chagas Disease (Trypanosomiasis)6.149 Amebic Pericarditis6.150 Echinococcus Infection and Hydatid Pericarditis

Mer från samma serie

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Nervous System, Volume 7, Part I - Brain

Michael J. Aminoff, Scott Pomeroy, Kerry H. Levin

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations Complete Package

Frank H. Netter

Inbunden, 2024

9 213 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Musculoskeletal System, Volume 6, Part III - Biology and Systemic Diseases

Joseph Iannotti, Richard Parker, Tom Mroz, Brendan Patterson, Abby Abelson

Inbunden, 2024

912 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Integumentary System, Volume 4

Bryan E. Anderson

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System Package

James C. Reynolds

Inbunden, 2016

2 630 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Reproductive System, Volume 1

Roger Smith, Paul Turek

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Nervous System, Volume 7, Part II - Spinal Cord and Peripheral Motor and Sensory Systems

Michael J. Aminoff, Scott Pomeroy, Kerry H. Levin

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

Del 5

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Urinary System, Volume 5

Roshan Patel, Jaime Landman

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Musculoskeletal System, Volume 6, Part I - Upper Limb

Joseph Iannotti, Richard Parker, Tom Mroz, Brendan Patterson, Abby Abelson

Inbunden, 2024

912 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System, Volume 9, Part III - Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas

James C. Reynolds, Peter J. Ward, John A Martin, Grace L Su, David C. Whitcomb

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

Du kanske också är intresserad av

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Nervous System, Volume 7, Part I - Brain

Michael J. Aminoff, Scott Pomeroy, Kerry H. Levin

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Musculoskeletal System, Volume 6, Part III - Biology and Systemic Diseases

Joseph Iannotti, Richard Parker, Tom Mroz, Brendan Patterson, Abby Abelson

Inbunden, 2024

912 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System Package

James C. Reynolds

Inbunden, 2016

2 630 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Nervous System Package

Michael J. Aminoff, Scott L. Pomeroy, Kerry H. Levin

Inbunden, 2024

1 352 kr

Nyhet

Del 11

Medusa

Lars Kepler

Inbunden, 2026

269 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Musculoskeletal System, Volume 6, Part II - Spine and Lower Limb

Joseph P. Iannotti, Richard Parker, Tom Mroz, Brendan Patterson, Abby Abelson

Inbunden, 2024

874 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System Package

James C. Reynolds

Inbunden, 2024

2 024 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Integumentary System, Volume 4

Bryan E. Anderson

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Digestive System, Volume 9, Part I - Upper Digestive Tract

James C. Reynolds, Peter J. Ward, David A. Katzka, Henry Parkman, Michele A. Young

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Reproductive System, Volume 1

Roger Smith, Paul Turek

Inbunden, 2024

835 kr

The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Cardiovascular System, Volume 8

AvJamie B. Conti,C. Richard Conti

Inbunden, Engelska, 2024

Del i serien Netter Green Book Collection

912 kr

Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.

Beskrivning

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2024-05-08
Mått:249 x 301 x 20 mm
Vikt:1 360 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Serie:Netter Green Book Collection
Antal sidor:328
Upplaga:3
Förlag:Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN:9780323881296

Utforska kategorier

Anatomi inom Medicin
Hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar inom Medicin

Innehållsförteckning

SECTION 1 ANATOMY1.1 Thorax: Lungs in Situ1.2 Thorax: Heart in Situ1.3 Thorax: Mediastinum1.4 Thorax: Pericardial Sac1.5 Exposure of the Heart: Anterior Exposure1.6 Exposure of the Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surfaces1.7 Atria and Ventricles: Right Atrium and Right Ventricle1.8 Atria and Ventricles: Left Atrium and Left Ventricle1.9 Atria and Ventricles: Atria, Ventricles, and Interventricular Septum1.10 Valves: Cardiac Valves Open and Closed1.11 Valves: Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart1.12 Specialized Conduction System of Heart1.13 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Sternocostal and Diaphragmatic Surfaces1.14 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Arteriovenous Variations1.15 Innervation of Heart: Nerves of Heart1.16 Innervation of Heart: Schema of InnervationSECTION 2 PHYSIOLOGY2.1 Cardiovascular Examination: Cardiac Cycle2.2 Cardiovascular Examination: Important Components2.3 Cardiovascular Examination: Positions for Cardiac Auscultation2.4 Cardiovascular Examination: Areas of Cardiac Auscultation2.5 Cardiovascular Examination: Murmurs2.6 Neural and Humoral Regulation of Cardiac Function2.7 Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy2.8 Cardiac Catheterization: Vascular Access2.9 Cardiac Catheterization: Left-Sided Heart Catheterization2.10 Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Saturations (O2) and Pressure2.11 Cardiac Catheterization: Examples of O2 and Pressure Findings and Pressure Tracings in Heart Diseases2.12 Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration2.13 Specialized Conduction System: Physiology2.14 Specialized Conduction System: Electrical Activity of the Heart2.15 Electrocardiogram2.16 Electrocardiogram (Continued)2.17 Progression of Depolarization2.18 End of Depolarization Followed by Repolarization2.19 Axis Deviation in Normal Electrocardiogram2.20 Atrial Enlargement2.21 Ventricular Hypertrophy2.22 Bundle Branch Block2.23 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome2.24 Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia2.25 Sinus and Atrial Arrhythmias2.26 Premature Contraction2.27 Sinus Arrest, Sinus Block, and Atrioventricular Block2.28 Tachycardia, Fibrillation, and Atrial Flutter2.29 Sudden Cardiac Death2.30 Effect of Digitalis and Calcium/Potassium Levels on Electrocardiogram2.31 Cardiac Pacing: Dual Chamber and Biventricular2.32 Cardiac Pacing: Leadless Technology and Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter DefibrillatorsSECTION 3 IMAGING3.1 Radiology: Frontal Projection3.2 Radiology: Right Anterior Oblique Projection3.3 Radiology: Left Anterior Oblique Projection3.4 Radiology: Lateral Projection3.5 Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures3.6 Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of RightSided Heart Structures3.7 Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures3.8 Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures3.9 Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Right Coronary Artery3.10 Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Left Coronary Artery3.11 Intravascular Ultrasound3.12 Transthoracic Cardiac Ultrasound3.13 Doppler Echocardiography3.14 Transesophageal Echocardiography3.15 Intracardiac Echocardiography3.16 Optical Coherence Tomography3.17 Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography3.18 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging3.19 Ventriculography3.20 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Cardiac Cycle and Calcium Contrast Studies3.21 Computed Tomographic Angiography: Interpretation (Continued)3.22 Radiation Dose Concerns3.23 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging3.24 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued)SECTION 4 EMBRYOLOGY4.1 Early Embryonic Development4.2 Early Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis4.3 Formation of the Heart Tube: One-Somite and Two-Somite Stages4.4 Formation of the Heart Tube: Four-Somite and Seven-Somite Stages4.5 Formation of the Heart Loop: 10-Somite and 14-Somite Stages4.6 Formation of the Heart Loop: 20-Somite Stage4.7 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Development of Ventricles and Atrioventricular Valves4.8 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 27 and 29 Days4.9 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 31 and 33 Days4.10 Formation of Cardiac Septa: 37 and 55 Days4.11 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Heart Tube Derivatives4.12 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Partitioning of the Heart Tube: Atrial Septation4.13 Formation of Cardiac Septa: Embryonic Origins, Right and Left Sides4.14 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 3, 4, and 10 mm4.15 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 14 mm, 17 mm, and at Term4.16 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 4, 10, and 14 mm4.17 Development of Major Blood Vessels: 17 mm, 24 mm, and at Term4.18 Fetal Circulation and Changes at Birth4.19 Three Early Vascular SystemsSECTION 5 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE5.1 Physical Examination5.2 Anomalies of the Great Systemic Veins5.3 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection5.4 Surgery for Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return5.5 Anomalies of the Atria5.6 Defects of the Atrial Septum: Anatomy5.7 Defects of the Atrial Septum: Surgery5.8 Defects of the Atrial Septum: Septal Occluder Device5.9 Endocardial Cushion Defects: Anatomy and Embryology5.10 Endocardial Cushion Defects: Surgery for Ostium Primum and Cleft Mitral Valve5.11 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Tricuspid Atresia5.12 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Glenn Surgery for Tricuspid Atresia5.13 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Ebstein Anomaly5.14 Anomalies of Tricuspid Valve: Types of Ebstein Anomaly5.15 Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum5.16 Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum (Continued)5.17 Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum: Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect5.18 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Tetralogy of Fallot5.19 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pathophysiology and Blalock-Taussig Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot5.20 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Corrective Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot5.21 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot5.22 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Eisenmenger Complex and Double-Outlet Right Ventricle5.23 Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia5.24 Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: Aortic Atresia, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Aortic Valvular Stenosis5.25 Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: Fibrous and Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenoses5.26 Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: Norwood Correction of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome5.27 Transposition of the Great Vessels5.28 Transposition of the Great Vessels: Mustard and Blalock-Hanlon Operations5.29 Transposition of the Great Vessels: Balloon Atrial Septostomy and Arterial Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries5.30 Transposition of the Great Vessels with Inversion of Ventricles5.31 Anomalies of the Truncus Septum5.32 Anomalous Left Coronary Artery and Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva5.33 Anomalous Coronary Arteries Seen in Adult Patients5.34 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Patent Ductus Arteriosus5.35 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery5.36 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Double Aortic Arch and Right Aortic Arch Anomalies5.37 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Artery5.38 Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates5.39 Anomalies of Aortic Arch System: Coarctation of Aorta5.40 Endocardial Fibroelastosis and Glycogen Storage DiseaseSECTION 6 ACQUIRED HEART DISEASEIschemic Heart Disease6.1 Structure of Coronary Arteries6.2 Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis6.3 Risk Factors in Etiology of Atherosclerosis6.4 Pathologic Changes in Coronary Artery Disease6.5 End Organ Damage by Vascular Disease6.6 Unstable Plaque Formation6.7 Angiogenesis and ArteriogenesisChronic Angina6.8 Overview of Myocardial Ischemia6.9 Angina Pectoris6.10 Coronary Artery Spasm6.11 Detection of Myocardial Ischemia6.12 Degree of Flow-Limiting Stenoses6.13 Left-Sided Heart Angiography6.14 Fractional Flow Reserve6.15 Stent Deployment6.16 Rotational Atherectomy and Distal Protection DeviceAcute Coronary Syndromes6.17 Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes6.18 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart6.19 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)6.20 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)6.21 Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued)6.22 Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: First Day to Several Weeks6.23 Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: Effects of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury, and Infarction on ECG6.24 Recanalization of Occluded Coronary Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction6.25 Intraaortic Balloon CounterpulsationAcute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease6.26 Sydenham Chorea: Infection, Disease Course, and Heart Muscle6.27 Sydenham Chorea: Noncardiac Manifestations6.28 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Pericarditis and Myocarditis6.29 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Valvular Involvement6.30 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Residual Changes of Acute Rheumatic Carditis6.31 Mitral Stenosis: Pathologic Anatomy6.32 Mitral Stenosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects6.33 Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Anatomic Effects6.34 Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Pulmonary Effects6.35 Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications6.36 Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Principal Sites of Embolism from Left Atrial Thrombosis6.37 Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty6.38 Mitral Regurgitation6.39 Mitral Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects6.40 Mitral Valve Clip6.41 Mitral Valve Repair6.42 Mitral Valve ProlapseAortic and Vascular Disease6.43 Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes6.44 Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes (Continued)6.45 Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology6.46 Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology (Continued)6.47 Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement6.48 Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta6.49 Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta: Surgical Management6.50 Syphilitic Aortic DiseaseProsthetic Valve Surgery6.51 First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves6.52 Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves6.53 Mitral Valve Replacement6.54 Aortic Valve Replacement6.55 Excision of Aortic Aneurysm and Replacement of Aortic Valve for Cystic Medial Necrosis6.56 Multiple Valve Replacement6.57 Insertion of Trileaflet Aortic Valve6.58 Aortic Valve Biologic GraftsTricuspid Valve Disease6.59 Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation and Multivalvular Disease6.60 Tricuspid Stenosis and/or InsufficiencyAmyloidosis, Myocarditis, and Other Cardiomyopathies6.61 Amyloidosis6.62 Septic Myocarditis6.63 Diphtheritic and Viral Myocarditis6.64 Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma6.65 Idiopathic Myocarditis6.66 Endomyocardial Fibrosis6.67 Loeffler Endocarditis6.68 Becker Disease6.69 Beriberi6.70 Cardiomyopathies6.71 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and the Heart6.72 Substance Abuse and the HeartPericardial Disease6.73 Presentation and Treatment of Pericarditis6.74 Etiologies of Pericarditis6.75 Constrictive PericarditisAcute and Chronic Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism6.76 Massive Embolization6.77 Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction6.78 Lesions That May Cause Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Cor Pulmonale6.79 Chronic Cor Pulmonale6.80 Deep Vein ThrombosisInfective Endocarditis6.81 Infective Endocarditis: Portals of Entry and Predisposing Lesions6.82 Early Lesions of Infective Endocarditis6.83 Advanced Lesions of Infective Endocarditis6.84 Right-Sided Heart Involvement in Infective Endocarditis6.85 Cardiac Sequelae of Infective Endocarditis6.86 Mycotic Aneurysms and Emboli in the Heart6.87 Remote Embolic Effects of Infective Endocarditis6.88 Nonbacterial Thrombotic (Marantic) EndocarditisCardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Hypothermia Therapy6.89 External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation6.90 Internal Cardiac Massage6.91 DefibrillationConnective Tissue Disease6.92 Rheumatoid Arthritis6.93 Ankylosing Spondylitis6.94 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis6.95 Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis)6.96 Systemic Lupus ErythematosusEndocrine Disorders and Cardiac Disease6.97 Acromegaly6.98 Hyperthyroidism: Thyrotoxicosis6.99 Hypothyroidism: Myxedema6.100 Cushing Syndrome6.101 Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Mineralocorticoid Hypertension6.102 PheochromocytomaHeart Tumors6.103 Myxoma and Rhabdomyoma6.104 Metastatic Tumors of the HeartHypertension6.105 Interdependent and Interacting Factors in Blood Pressure Regulation6.106 Etiology of Hypertension6.107 Renin-Angiotensin System6.108 Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension6.109 Causes of Secondary Hypertension Possibly Amenable to Surgery6.110 Retinal Changes in Hypertension6.111 Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery6.112 Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery (Continued)6.113 Kidneys and Hypertension6.114 Heart Disease in Hypertension6.115 Heart Disease in Hypertension (Continued)6.116 Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure Disease6.117 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and HypertensionNeuromuscular Disorders6.118 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy6.119 Myotonic Dystrophy6.120 Friedreich Ataxia6.121 Disorders of Potassium MetabolismPenetrating and Nonpenetrating Heart Trauma6.122 Cardiac Tamponade in Penetrating Heart Wounds6.123 Relative Distribution of Penetrating Heart Wounds6.124 Variable Course of Penetrating Heart Wounds6.125 Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy6.126 Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy (Continued)6.127 Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Pathogenesis and Variable Course of Cardiac Contusion6.128 Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Myocardial Rupture and Valvular Injuries6.129 Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Mechanism of Sudden Cardiac Death in Commotio CordisPercutaneous Intervention Procedures6.130 Percutaneous Approaches to Reduce Cerebral Emboli6.131 Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Device6.132 Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial DiseaseHeart Failure6.133 Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure and Systemic Congestion: Physical Examination6.134 Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary Congestion6.135 Pulmonary Congestion or Edema of Cardiac and Other Origins6.136 Causes and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema6.137 Cardiac Origins of Peripheral or Systemic Congestion or Edema6.138 Therapy for Pulmonary Edema and Paroxysmal Dyspnea6.139 Biventricular Pacing and Intracardiac Defibrillator: Benefit of Biventricular Pacing6.140 Biventricular Pacing and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator6.141 Diastolic Heart Failure6.142 Heart Transplantation: Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation6.143 Heart Transplantation: Bicaval Cardiac Transplantation6.144 Heart Transplantation: HeartMate XVE and II Left Ventricular Assist SystemsSudden Cardiac Death in Young Athletes6.145 Sudden Death in Hypertrophic CardiomyopathySyncope6.146 Management of SyncopeParasitic Disease and the Heart6.147 Trichinosis (Parasitic Heart Disease)6.148 Chagas Disease (Trypanosomiasis)6.149 Amebic Pericarditis6.150 Echinococcus Infection and Hydatid Pericarditis