MARGARET GOWING is Professor of the History of Science, University of Oxford, and Fellow of Linacre College. She is joint author of two books in the civil series of United Kingdom official war histories - British War Economy (with Sir Keith Hancock) and Civil Industry and Trade (with E. L. Hargreaves) - and author of Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939-1945.LORNA ARNOLD is Departmental Record Officer at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and assistant to the official historian.

• List of Plates Preface List of Abbreviations A Note on Documentation PART 1: AUGUST 1945: RETROSPECT AND AGENDA Appendix I: Statements by the Prime Minister and Mr Churchill on the Atomic Bomb, 6 August 1945 PART 2: LABOUR'S MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT Ministers and their Advisory Committees Defence and Production Departmental Organisation Legal and Democratic Control Appendix 2: Diagram of Committees PART 3: EXTERNAL POLICY: BRIEF HOPE OF INTERDEPENDENCE Appendix 3: Letter from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 25 September 1945 Appendix 4: Washington Declaration, 15 November 1945 Appendix 5: 'Groves-Anderson' Memorandum, 16 November 1945 PART 4: EXTERNAL POLICY: HOPES AND DUPES International Control Anglo-American Collaboration Appendix 6: Telegram from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 16 April 1946 Appendix 7: Telegram from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 6 June 1946 PART 5: EXTERNAL POLICY: THE COMMONWEALTH AND EUROPE Canada The Rest of the Commonwealth Europe PART 6: DETERRENCE Programme and Purpose The Decision to Make a Bomb Mainly Military A Hope for Nuclear Power Appendix 8: Atomic Energy: An Immediate Policy for Great Britain (P. M. S. Blackett) PART 7: DETERRENCE RECALCULATED The Size and Shape of the Programme Questions of Priority Towards Nuclear Power PART 8: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN MODUS VIVENDI Appendix 9: The Modus Vivendi Annex 1: Allocations Annex 2: Areas of Co-operation between Members of the British Commonwealth Annex 3: Technical Co-operation PART 9: INDEPENDENCE RECONSIDERED I New Hope of Anglo-American Integration The Doldrums Again The Use of the Bomb PART 10: INDEPENDENCE RECONSIDERED II Canada The Rest of the Commonwealth, and Europe PART 11: THE AREA OF INTERDEPENDENCE: URANIUM The Indispensable Element Combined Operations The Pattern of Supply and Demand Securing Present Supplies Securing Future Supplies Conclusions Appendix 10: Declaration of Trust, 13 June 1944 Appendix 11: Memorandum of Understanding with Belgium, 13 July 1951 Appendix 12: Joint Communique and Annex re American, Belgian and British Understandings in the Atomic Energy Field, 13 July 1951 Appendix 13: Table 1: Estimated Uranium Requirements, Deliveries and Allocations, 1946-52 Table 2: Belgian Congo Uranium Deliveries: Forecast and Actual PART 12: 'WINSTON IS BACK' - AND CHERWELL Unfinished Business Towards a New Organisation Towards a New Programme Appendix 14: Technical Note Appendix 15: Chronology of Events: April 1945-October 1952 References Index

MARGARET GOWING is Professor of the History of Science, University of Oxford, and Fellow of Linacre College. She is joint author of two books in the civil series of United Kingdom official war histories - British War Economy (with Sir Keith Hancock) and Civil Industry and Trade (with E. L. Hargreaves) - and author of Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939-1945.LORNA ARNOLD is Departmental Record Officer at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and assistant to the official historian.

• List of Plates Preface List of Abbreviations A Note on Documentation PART 1: AUGUST 1945: RETROSPECT AND AGENDA Appendix I: Statements by the Prime Minister and Mr Churchill on the Atomic Bomb, 6 August 1945 PART 2: LABOUR'S MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT Ministers and their Advisory Committees Defence and Production Departmental Organisation Legal and Democratic Control Appendix 2: Diagram of Committees PART 3: EXTERNAL POLICY: BRIEF HOPE OF INTERDEPENDENCE Appendix 3: Letter from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 25 September 1945 Appendix 4: Washington Declaration, 15 November 1945 Appendix 5: 'Groves-Anderson' Memorandum, 16 November 1945 PART 4: EXTERNAL POLICY: HOPES AND DUPES International Control Anglo-American Collaboration Appendix 6: Telegram from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 16 April 1946 Appendix 7: Telegram from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 6 June 1946 PART 5: EXTERNAL POLICY: THE COMMONWEALTH AND EUROPE Canada The Rest of the Commonwealth Europe PART 6: DETERRENCE Programme and Purpose The Decision to Make a Bomb Mainly Military A Hope for Nuclear Power Appendix 8: Atomic Energy: An Immediate Policy for Great Britain (P. M. S. Blackett) PART 7: DETERRENCE RECALCULATED The Size and Shape of the Programme Questions of Priority Towards Nuclear Power PART 8: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN MODUS VIVENDI Appendix 9: The Modus Vivendi Annex 1: Allocations Annex 2: Areas of Co-operation between Members of the British Commonwealth Annex 3: Technical Co-operation PART 9: INDEPENDENCE RECONSIDERED I New Hope of Anglo-American Integration The Doldrums Again The Use of the Bomb PART 10: INDEPENDENCE RECONSIDERED II Canada The Rest of the Commonwealth, and Europe PART 11: THE AREA OF INTERDEPENDENCE: URANIUM The Indispensable Element Combined Operations The Pattern of Supply and Demand Securing Present Supplies Securing Future Supplies Conclusions Appendix 10: Declaration of Trust, 13 June 1944 Appendix 11: Memorandum of Understanding with Belgium, 13 July 1951 Appendix 12: Joint Communique and Annex re American, Belgian and British Understandings in the Atomic Energy Field, 13 July 1951 Appendix 13: Table 1: Estimated Uranium Requirements, Deliveries and Allocations, 1946-52 Table 2: Belgian Congo Uranium Deliveries: Forecast and Actual PART 12: 'WINSTON IS BACK' - AND CHERWELL Unfinished Business Towards a New Organisation Towards a New Programme Appendix 14: Technical Note Appendix 15: Chronology of Events: April 1945-October 1952 References Index

MARGARET GOWING is Professor of the History of Science, University of Oxford, and Fellow of Linacre College. She is joint author of two books in the civil series of United Kingdom official war histories - British War Economy (with Sir Keith Hancock) and Civil Industry and Trade (with E. L. Hargreaves) - and author of Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939-1945.LORNA ARNOLD is Departmental Record Officer at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and assistant to the official historian.

• List of Plates Preface List of Abbreviations A Note on Documentation PART 1: AUGUST 1945: RETROSPECT AND AGENDA Appendix I: Statements by the Prime Minister and Mr Churchill on the Atomic Bomb, 6 August 1945 PART 2: LABOUR'S MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT Ministers and their Advisory Committees Defence and Production Departmental Organisation Legal and Democratic Control Appendix 2: Diagram of Committees PART 3: EXTERNAL POLICY: BRIEF HOPE OF INTERDEPENDENCE Appendix 3: Letter from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 25 September 1945 Appendix 4: Washington Declaration, 15 November 1945 Appendix 5: 'Groves-Anderson' Memorandum, 16 November 1945 PART 4: EXTERNAL POLICY: HOPES AND DUPES International Control Anglo-American Collaboration Appendix 6: Telegram from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 16 April 1946 Appendix 7: Telegram from Mr Attlee to President Truman, 6 June 1946 PART 5: EXTERNAL POLICY: THE COMMONWEALTH AND EUROPE Canada The Rest of the Commonwealth Europe PART 6: DETERRENCE Programme and Purpose The Decision to Make a Bomb Mainly Military A Hope for Nuclear Power Appendix 8: Atomic Energy: An Immediate Policy for Great Britain (P. M. S. Blackett) PART 7: DETERRENCE RECALCULATED The Size and Shape of the Programme Questions of Priority Towards Nuclear Power PART 8: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN MODUS VIVENDI Appendix 9: The Modus Vivendi Annex 1: Allocations Annex 2: Areas of Co-operation between Members of the British Commonwealth Annex 3: Technical Co-operation PART 9: INDEPENDENCE RECONSIDERED I New Hope of Anglo-American Integration The Doldrums Again The Use of the Bomb PART 10: INDEPENDENCE RECONSIDERED II Canada The Rest of the Commonwealth, and Europe PART 11: THE AREA OF INTERDEPENDENCE: URANIUM The Indispensable Element Combined Operations The Pattern of Supply and Demand Securing Present Supplies Securing Future Supplies Conclusions Appendix 10: Declaration of Trust, 13 June 1944 Appendix 11: Memorandum of Understanding with Belgium, 13 July 1951 Appendix 12: Joint Communique and Annex re American, Belgian and British Understandings in the Atomic Energy Field, 13 July 1951 Appendix 13: Table 1: Estimated Uranium Requirements, Deliveries and Allocations, 1946-52 Table 2: Belgian Congo Uranium Deliveries: Forecast and Actual PART 12: 'WINSTON IS BACK' - AND CHERWELL Unfinished Business Towards a New Organisation Towards a New Programme Appendix 14: Technical Note Appendix 15: Chronology of Events: April 1945-October 1952 References Index