Antonio Doménech-Carbó (Valencia, Spain, 1953) is Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia (PhD 1989). Its research is focused on solid state electrochemistry with particular emphasis in the study of porous materials and the development of electroanalytical methods for archaeometry, conservation and restoration. He has supervised 8 Ph.D. projects and directed several national R+D projects. For his research in cultural heritage has received the ‘Demetrio Ribes’ award from the Regional Government of Valencia in 2006 and 2019. It is author of more than 250 articles including one IUPAC’s technical report, and several books; among them, Electrochemical Methods in Archeometry, Conservation and Restoration (Springer, 2009), and Electrochemistry of immobilized particles and droplets (2nd ed. Springer, 2014). Currently, is member of the editorial board of ChemTexts (Springer), topical editor of Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry (Springer) and Periodico di Mineralogía (La Sapienza University). He is reviewer of the European Research Council and national research agencies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Flanders, France, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Spain, Swiss, and The Netherlands, and referee of more than 150 indexed journals.

• 1. POROUS MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY.1.1. Porous materials, concept and classifications.1.2. Mixed porous materials.1.3. Electrochemistry and porous materials. 1.4. Synthesis of porous materials.1.5. Material-modified electrodes.1.6. Electrode-modified materials.1.7. General electrochemical considerations.1.8. Diffusive aspects.1.9. Voltammetry and related techniques.1.10. Resistive and capacitive effects.1.11. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.1.12. Other techniques.References.2. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT POROUS ELECTRODES2.1. Introduction.2.2. Porous electrodes: impedance analysis.2.3. Voltammetry at porous electrodes.2.4. Confinement and diffusion in pores.2.5. Insulating porous films.2.6. Fractal surfaces.2.7. The problem of the oxidation state.2.8. Electrochemistry at nanopores.References.3. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT ION-PERMEABLE SOLIDS3.1. Introduction.3.2. General approach.3.3. Insertion electrochemical electrodes.3.4. Ion transport.3.5. Mixed phases and miscibility gaps.3.6. Microparticles electrochemistry.3.7. Determination of electrochemical parameters of individual ions.3.8. Refinements.3.9. Overview.References.4. ELECTROCATALYSIS4.1. Introduction.4.2. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis.4.3. Structural and electronic effects.4.4. Electrocatalysis at microheterogeneous deposits of porous materials.4.5. Electrocatalysis at ion-permeable solids.4.6. Overview.References.5. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF ALUMINOSILICATES5.1. Introduction.5.2. Electrochemistry of zeolite-associated species.5.3. Topological redox isomers.5.4. Species distribution.5.5. Speciation: the Maya blue problem.5.6. Electroactive structural species.5.7. Mesoporous materials.5.8. Final remarks.References.6. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS6.1. Introduction.6.2. MOF electrochemistry: an overview.6.3. Electrochemistry of MOFs involving topotactic transformations.6.4. Electrochemistry of MOFs involving metal deposition.6.5. MOFs at the mesoscopic scale.6.6. Applications.References.7. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS METALS AND ANODIC METAL OXIDE FILMS7.1. Introduction.7.2. Electrochemistry of noble metals.7.3. Electrocatalysis of noble metals.7.4. Porous anodic metal oxide films.7.5. Applications of porous metals and oxidic porous layers.7.6. Impedance analysis of metal oxide layers.7.7. Pseudocapacitive behavior.References.8. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS OXIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS8.1. Overview.8.2. Electrochemistry of metal oxides and metal oxohydroxides.8.3. Electrochemistry of layered hydroxides and related materials.8.4. Electrochemistry of polyoxometalates.8.5. Electrochemistry of doped materials.8.6. Electrocatalysis.8.7. Active surface phases.References.9. SULFIDES, NITRIDES, PHOSPHIDES9.1. Introduction.9.2. Molybdenum disulfide and related materials.9.3. Boron nitride and related materials.9.4. Metal phosphides.9.5. Metal carbides.9.6. Other materials.References.10. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS CARBON-BASED MATERIALS10.1. Carbons as electrochemical materials.10.2. Carbon activation, functionalization and doping.10.3. Porous carbons.10.4. Carbon nanotubes and nanoribbons.10.5. Graphene(s).10.6. Fullerenes.10.7. Direct electrochemical synthesis of carbon materials.10.8. Applications.10.9. Influence of impurities on carbon electrochemistry.References.11. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS POLYMERS AND HYBRID MATERIALS11.1. Introduction.11.2. Conducting polymers.11.3. Hybrid materials based on conducting polymers.11.4. Composite materials based on conducting polymers.11.5. Photoelectrochemistry.11.6. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity.11.7. Polymer electrolytes.11.8. Final remarks.References.12. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING VIA POROUS MATERIALS12.1. Electrochemical sensing.12.2. Potentiometric sensing.12.3. Voltammetric and amperometric sensing.12.4. Selectivity.12.5. Enantioselective electrochemical sensing.12.6. Chemorresistive and impedimetric sensing.12.7. Electrochemoluminiscence and photoelectrochemical sensing. 12.8. Biochemical sensing.12.9. Electrochemical switch.12.10. Perspectives.References.13. ELECTROCHEMICAL GAS SENSING13.1. Gas sensing.13.2. Chemiresistive sensors.13.3. Impedance sensors.13.4. Potentiometric sensors.13.5. Amperometric sensors.13.6. Field effect transistors.13.7. Concluding remarks.References.14. SUPERCAPACITORS, BATTERIES, FUEL CELLS AND RELATED APPLICATIONS10.1 Electrical energy storage and conversion.10.2. Capacitors and supercapacitors.10.3. Nickel batteries.10.4. Lithium batteries.10.5. Fuel cells.10.6. Electrocgeneration.15. MAGNETOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS MATERIALS15.1. Magnetoelectrochemistry.15.2. Photoelectrochemistry.15.3. Capacitive voltammetry of semiconductors.15.4. Photon energy and redox processes15.5. Photochemical water splitting.15.6. Photoelectrocatalysts attached to porous solids.15.7. Electrochromic materials and electrochemiluminiscence.15.8. Dye-sensitized cells.References.16. MICROPOROUS MATERIALS IN ELECTROSYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND DRUG RELEASE16.1. Introduction.16.2. Electrolytic synthesis involving porous electrodes.16.3. Solid to solid synthesis.16.4. Electrochemical degradation of contaminants.16.5. Degradation/generation.16.6. Photoelectrochemical degradation.16.7. Desalination.16.8. Drug delivery.References.Additional literature.List of acronyms

Antonio Doménech-Carbó (Valencia, Spain, 1953) is Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia (PhD 1989). Its research is focused on solid state electrochemistry with particular emphasis in the study of porous materials and the development of electroanalytical methods for archaeometry, conservation and restoration. He has supervised 8 Ph.D. projects and directed several national R+D projects. For his research in cultural heritage has received the ‘Demetrio Ribes’ award from the Regional Government of Valencia in 2006 and 2019. It is author of more than 250 articles including one IUPAC’s technical report, and several books; among them, Electrochemical Methods in Archeometry, Conservation and Restoration (Springer, 2009), and Electrochemistry of immobilized particles and droplets (2nd ed. Springer, 2014). Currently, is member of the editorial board of ChemTexts (Springer), topical editor of Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry (Springer) and Periodico di Mineralogía (La Sapienza University). He is reviewer of the European Research Council and national research agencies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Flanders, France, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Spain, Swiss, and The Netherlands, and referee of more than 150 indexed journals.

• 1. POROUS MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY.1.1. Porous materials, concept and classifications.1.2. Mixed porous materials.1.3. Electrochemistry and porous materials. 1.4. Synthesis of porous materials.1.5. Material-modified electrodes.1.6. Electrode-modified materials.1.7. General electrochemical considerations.1.8. Diffusive aspects.1.9. Voltammetry and related techniques.1.10. Resistive and capacitive effects.1.11. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.1.12. Other techniques.References.2. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT POROUS ELECTRODES2.1. Introduction.2.2. Porous electrodes: impedance analysis.2.3. Voltammetry at porous electrodes.2.4. Confinement and diffusion in pores.2.5. Insulating porous films.2.6. Fractal surfaces.2.7. The problem of the oxidation state.2.8. Electrochemistry at nanopores.References.3. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT ION-PERMEABLE SOLIDS3.1. Introduction.3.2. General approach.3.3. Insertion electrochemical electrodes.3.4. Ion transport.3.5. Mixed phases and miscibility gaps.3.6. Microparticles electrochemistry.3.7. Determination of electrochemical parameters of individual ions.3.8. Refinements.3.9. Overview.References.4. ELECTROCATALYSIS4.1. Introduction.4.2. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis.4.3. Structural and electronic effects.4.4. Electrocatalysis at microheterogeneous deposits of porous materials.4.5. Electrocatalysis at ion-permeable solids.4.6. Overview.References.5. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF ALUMINOSILICATES5.1. Introduction.5.2. Electrochemistry of zeolite-associated species.5.3. Topological redox isomers.5.4. Species distribution.5.5. Speciation: the Maya blue problem.5.6. Electroactive structural species.5.7. Mesoporous materials.5.8. Final remarks.References.6. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS6.1. Introduction.6.2. MOF electrochemistry: an overview.6.3. Electrochemistry of MOFs involving topotactic transformations.6.4. Electrochemistry of MOFs involving metal deposition.6.5. MOFs at the mesoscopic scale.6.6. Applications.References.7. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS METALS AND ANODIC METAL OXIDE FILMS7.1. Introduction.7.2. Electrochemistry of noble metals.7.3. Electrocatalysis of noble metals.7.4. Porous anodic metal oxide films.7.5. Applications of porous metals and oxidic porous layers.7.6. Impedance analysis of metal oxide layers.7.7. Pseudocapacitive behavior.References.8. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS OXIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS8.1. Overview.8.2. Electrochemistry of metal oxides and metal oxohydroxides.8.3. Electrochemistry of layered hydroxides and related materials.8.4. Electrochemistry of polyoxometalates.8.5. Electrochemistry of doped materials.8.6. Electrocatalysis.8.7. Active surface phases.References.9. SULFIDES, NITRIDES, PHOSPHIDES9.1. Introduction.9.2. Molybdenum disulfide and related materials.9.3. Boron nitride and related materials.9.4. Metal phosphides.9.5. Metal carbides.9.6. Other materials.References.10. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS CARBON-BASED MATERIALS10.1. Carbons as electrochemical materials.10.2. Carbon activation, functionalization and doping.10.3. Porous carbons.10.4. Carbon nanotubes and nanoribbons.10.5. Graphene(s).10.6. Fullerenes.10.7. Direct electrochemical synthesis of carbon materials.10.8. Applications.10.9. Influence of impurities on carbon electrochemistry.References.11. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS POLYMERS AND HYBRID MATERIALS11.1. Introduction.11.2. Conducting polymers.11.3. Hybrid materials based on conducting polymers.11.4. Composite materials based on conducting polymers.11.5. Photoelectrochemistry.11.6. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity.11.7. Polymer electrolytes.11.8. Final remarks.References.12. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING VIA POROUS MATERIALS12.1. Electrochemical sensing.12.2. Potentiometric sensing.12.3. Voltammetric and amperometric sensing.12.4. Selectivity.12.5. Enantioselective electrochemical sensing.12.6. Chemorresistive and impedimetric sensing.12.7. Electrochemoluminiscence and photoelectrochemical sensing. 12.8. Biochemical sensing.12.9. Electrochemical switch.12.10. Perspectives.References.13. ELECTROCHEMICAL GAS SENSING13.1. Gas sensing.13.2. Chemiresistive sensors.13.3. Impedance sensors.13.4. Potentiometric sensors.13.5. Amperometric sensors.13.6. Field effect transistors.13.7. Concluding remarks.References.14. SUPERCAPACITORS, BATTERIES, FUEL CELLS AND RELATED APPLICATIONS10.1 Electrical energy storage and conversion.10.2. Capacitors and supercapacitors.10.3. Nickel batteries.10.4. Lithium batteries.10.5. Fuel cells.10.6. Electrocgeneration.15. MAGNETOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS MATERIALS15.1. Magnetoelectrochemistry.15.2. Photoelectrochemistry.15.3. Capacitive voltammetry of semiconductors.15.4. Photon energy and redox processes15.5. Photochemical water splitting.15.6. Photoelectrocatalysts attached to porous solids.15.7. Electrochromic materials and electrochemiluminiscence.15.8. Dye-sensitized cells.References.16. MICROPOROUS MATERIALS IN ELECTROSYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND DRUG RELEASE16.1. Introduction.16.2. Electrolytic synthesis involving porous electrodes.16.3. Solid to solid synthesis.16.4. Electrochemical degradation of contaminants.16.5. Degradation/generation.16.6. Photoelectrochemical degradation.16.7. Desalination.16.8. Drug delivery.References.Additional literature.List of acronyms

Antonio Doménech-Carbó (Valencia, Spain, 1953) is Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia (PhD 1989). Its research is focused on solid state electrochemistry with particular emphasis in the study of porous materials and the development of electroanalytical methods for archaeometry, conservation and restoration. He has supervised 8 Ph.D. projects and directed several national R+D projects. For his research in cultural heritage has received the ‘Demetrio Ribes’ award from the Regional Government of Valencia in 2006 and 2019. It is author of more than 250 articles including one IUPAC’s technical report, and several books; among them, Electrochemical Methods in Archeometry, Conservation and Restoration (Springer, 2009), and Electrochemistry of immobilized particles and droplets (2nd ed. Springer, 2014). Currently, is member of the editorial board of ChemTexts (Springer), topical editor of Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry (Springer) and Periodico di Mineralogía (La Sapienza University). He is reviewer of the European Research Council and national research agencies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Croatia, Czech Republic, Flanders, France, Kazakhstan, Poland, Romania, Spain, Swiss, and The Netherlands, and referee of more than 150 indexed journals.

• 1. POROUS MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY.1.1. Porous materials, concept and classifications.1.2. Mixed porous materials.1.3. Electrochemistry and porous materials. 1.4. Synthesis of porous materials.1.5. Material-modified electrodes.1.6. Electrode-modified materials.1.7. General electrochemical considerations.1.8. Diffusive aspects.1.9. Voltammetry and related techniques.1.10. Resistive and capacitive effects.1.11. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.1.12. Other techniques.References.2. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT POROUS ELECTRODES2.1. Introduction.2.2. Porous electrodes: impedance analysis.2.3. Voltammetry at porous electrodes.2.4. Confinement and diffusion in pores.2.5. Insulating porous films.2.6. Fractal surfaces.2.7. The problem of the oxidation state.2.8. Electrochemistry at nanopores.References.3. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES AT ION-PERMEABLE SOLIDS3.1. Introduction.3.2. General approach.3.3. Insertion electrochemical electrodes.3.4. Ion transport.3.5. Mixed phases and miscibility gaps.3.6. Microparticles electrochemistry.3.7. Determination of electrochemical parameters of individual ions.3.8. Refinements.3.9. Overview.References.4. ELECTROCATALYSIS4.1. Introduction.4.2. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis.4.3. Structural and electronic effects.4.4. Electrocatalysis at microheterogeneous deposits of porous materials.4.5. Electrocatalysis at ion-permeable solids.4.6. Overview.References.5. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF ALUMINOSILICATES5.1. Introduction.5.2. Electrochemistry of zeolite-associated species.5.3. Topological redox isomers.5.4. Species distribution.5.5. Speciation: the Maya blue problem.5.6. Electroactive structural species.5.7. Mesoporous materials.5.8. Final remarks.References.6. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS6.1. Introduction.6.2. MOF electrochemistry: an overview.6.3. Electrochemistry of MOFs involving topotactic transformations.6.4. Electrochemistry of MOFs involving metal deposition.6.5. MOFs at the mesoscopic scale.6.6. Applications.References.7. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS METALS AND ANODIC METAL OXIDE FILMS7.1. Introduction.7.2. Electrochemistry of noble metals.7.3. Electrocatalysis of noble metals.7.4. Porous anodic metal oxide films.7.5. Applications of porous metals and oxidic porous layers.7.6. Impedance analysis of metal oxide layers.7.7. Pseudocapacitive behavior.References.8. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS OXIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS8.1. Overview.8.2. Electrochemistry of metal oxides and metal oxohydroxides.8.3. Electrochemistry of layered hydroxides and related materials.8.4. Electrochemistry of polyoxometalates.8.5. Electrochemistry of doped materials.8.6. Electrocatalysis.8.7. Active surface phases.References.9. SULFIDES, NITRIDES, PHOSPHIDES9.1. Introduction.9.2. Molybdenum disulfide and related materials.9.3. Boron nitride and related materials.9.4. Metal phosphides.9.5. Metal carbides.9.6. Other materials.References.10. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS CARBON-BASED MATERIALS10.1. Carbons as electrochemical materials.10.2. Carbon activation, functionalization and doping.10.3. Porous carbons.10.4. Carbon nanotubes and nanoribbons.10.5. Graphene(s).10.6. Fullerenes.10.7. Direct electrochemical synthesis of carbon materials.10.8. Applications.10.9. Influence of impurities on carbon electrochemistry.References.11. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS POLYMERS AND HYBRID MATERIALS11.1. Introduction.11.2. Conducting polymers.11.3. Hybrid materials based on conducting polymers.11.4. Composite materials based on conducting polymers.11.5. Photoelectrochemistry.11.6. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity.11.7. Polymer electrolytes.11.8. Final remarks.References.12. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING VIA POROUS MATERIALS12.1. Electrochemical sensing.12.2. Potentiometric sensing.12.3. Voltammetric and amperometric sensing.12.4. Selectivity.12.5. Enantioselective electrochemical sensing.12.6. Chemorresistive and impedimetric sensing.12.7. Electrochemoluminiscence and photoelectrochemical sensing. 12.8. Biochemical sensing.12.9. Electrochemical switch.12.10. Perspectives.References.13. ELECTROCHEMICAL GAS SENSING13.1. Gas sensing.13.2. Chemiresistive sensors.13.3. Impedance sensors.13.4. Potentiometric sensors.13.5. Amperometric sensors.13.6. Field effect transistors.13.7. Concluding remarks.References.14. SUPERCAPACITORS, BATTERIES, FUEL CELLS AND RELATED APPLICATIONS10.1 Electrical energy storage and conversion.10.2. Capacitors and supercapacitors.10.3. Nickel batteries.10.4. Lithium batteries.10.5. Fuel cells.10.6. Electrocgeneration.15. MAGNETOELECTROCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POROUS MATERIALS15.1. Magnetoelectrochemistry.15.2. Photoelectrochemistry.15.3. Capacitive voltammetry of semiconductors.15.4. Photon energy and redox processes15.5. Photochemical water splitting.15.6. Photoelectrocatalysts attached to porous solids.15.7. Electrochromic materials and electrochemiluminiscence.15.8. Dye-sensitized cells.References.16. MICROPOROUS MATERIALS IN ELECTROSYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND DRUG RELEASE16.1. Introduction.16.2. Electrolytic synthesis involving porous electrodes.16.3. Solid to solid synthesis.16.4. Electrochemical degradation of contaminants.16.5. Degradation/generation.16.6. Photoelectrochemical degradation.16.7. Desalination.16.8. Drug delivery.References.Additional literature.List of acronyms