Youyong Qian is Assistant Researcher at the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He received his PhD in Chinese Linguistics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2015 and MA in Chinese Linguistics from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2010. His research interests include theoretical linguistics, phonology, Chinese historical phonology, Korean historical phonology, and second language acquisition.

• 1. Introduction 2. Mandarin Loanwords in Modern Korean 3. Initial System of Middle Sino-Korean 4. Final System of Middle Sino-Korean 5. Tonal System of Middle Sino-Korean 6. Investigation into the Origin of Sino-Korean 7. Conclusion

Youyong Qian is Assistant Researcher at the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He received his PhD in Chinese Linguistics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2015 and MA in Chinese Linguistics from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2010. His research interests include theoretical linguistics, phonology, Chinese historical phonology, Korean historical phonology, and second language acquisition.

• 1. Introduction 2. Mandarin Loanwords in Modern Korean 3. Initial System of Middle Sino-Korean 4. Final System of Middle Sino-Korean 5. Tonal System of Middle Sino-Korean 6. Investigation into the Origin of Sino-Korean 7. Conclusion

Youyong Qian is Assistant Researcher at the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He received his PhD in Chinese Linguistics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2015 and MA in Chinese Linguistics from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2010. His research interests include theoretical linguistics, phonology, Chinese historical phonology, Korean historical phonology, and second language acquisition.

• 1. Introduction 2. Mandarin Loanwords in Modern Korean 3. Initial System of Middle Sino-Korean 4. Final System of Middle Sino-Korean 5. Tonal System of Middle Sino-Korean 6. Investigation into the Origin of Sino-Korean 7. Conclusion