Jane M. O. Sharp is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Defence Studies in the International Policy Institute, Kings College London. She was formerly Senior Researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and from 1998–2003 served as the British representative on the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.

• Preface Acknowledgements Acronyms Part I. Background to the formal CFE negotiation 1. Arms Control as a Barometer of European Politics 2. Negotiating the CFE mandate Part II. Negotiating the treaty and assessing its impact 3. Formal Negotiations: March 1989 – November 1990 4. German Singularity, Nuclear Modernisation and the CFE–1A Agreement on Personnel Part III. Ratification problems 5. Resolving the Discrepancies in Soviet Data, 1990–91 6. The Dissolution of the USSR, 1991–92 Part IV. Implementation 7. Implementation of the CFE Treaty: The Cup Half Full 8. Implementation: the cup half empty—non-compliance with Article V Part V. The need for treaty revisions 9. Treaty revisions and NATO enlargement: the Flank Agreement 10. Adapting the CFE Treaty to post-cold war Europe, 1997-1999 11. Whither the Adapted CFE Treaty under President Putin? 12. Conclusion Appendices Index

Jane M. O. Sharp is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Defence Studies in the International Policy Institute, Kings College London. She was formerly Senior Researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and from 1998–2003 served as the British representative on the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.

• Preface Acknowledgements Acronyms Part I. Background to the formal CFE negotiation 1. Arms Control as a Barometer of European Politics 2. Negotiating the CFE mandate Part II. Negotiating the treaty and assessing its impact 3. Formal Negotiations: March 1989 – November 1990 4. German Singularity, Nuclear Modernisation and the CFE–1A Agreement on Personnel Part III. Ratification problems 5. Resolving the Discrepancies in Soviet Data, 1990–91 6. The Dissolution of the USSR, 1991–92 Part IV. Implementation 7. Implementation of the CFE Treaty: The Cup Half Full 8. Implementation: the cup half empty—non-compliance with Article V Part V. The need for treaty revisions 9. Treaty revisions and NATO enlargement: the Flank Agreement 10. Adapting the CFE Treaty to post-cold war Europe, 1997-1999 11. Whither the Adapted CFE Treaty under President Putin? 12. Conclusion Appendices Index

Jane M. O. Sharp is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Defence Studies in the International Policy Institute, Kings College London. She was formerly Senior Researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and from 1998–2003 served as the British representative on the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters.

• Preface Acknowledgements Acronyms Part I. Background to the formal CFE negotiation 1. Arms Control as a Barometer of European Politics 2. Negotiating the CFE mandate Part II. Negotiating the treaty and assessing its impact 3. Formal Negotiations: March 1989 – November 1990 4. German Singularity, Nuclear Modernisation and the CFE–1A Agreement on Personnel Part III. Ratification problems 5. Resolving the Discrepancies in Soviet Data, 1990–91 6. The Dissolution of the USSR, 1991–92 Part IV. Implementation 7. Implementation of the CFE Treaty: The Cup Half Full 8. Implementation: the cup half empty—non-compliance with Article V Part V. The need for treaty revisions 9. Treaty revisions and NATO enlargement: the Flank Agreement 10. Adapting the CFE Treaty to post-cold war Europe, 1997-1999 11. Whither the Adapted CFE Treaty under President Putin? 12. Conclusion Appendices Index