Ali Kemal Ozcan holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Kent. His thesis investigates the resent Kurdish resistance in Turkey. He is the author of Humanisation Movement (Berlin 1999): The Nature and Resource Field of the Kurdish Resistance in Turkey: A Dormant Resource (forthcoming 2005). Research interests include nationalism, democratisation and civil society.

'This book reappraises the Kurdish movement in Turkey and presents insights into the nature of Kurdish social structure.' -The MiddleEast

• Introduction Part 1: Nationalism 1. Distilling the 'Mongrelized' Twin Concepts of Modernity 2. The Twilight of 'Communist Nationalism' 3. Kurds' Nationness and Nationalism in Modern Turkey Part 2: The Seeds of Turkey's Kurdish Question 4. The Last Push for the Last Refuge 5. The Vital Concerns of the Republican Turkish Political Elite: A 'National War' without Nationalism 6. The Sharp Contrast between the Two Policies Part 3: Enter the PKK 7. The Accumulative Period 8. The Emergence of the 'Apocular' Group Part 4: The Discourse and the Objectives of the PKK 9. The Theoretical Development of the Party and Its Programme from its Foundation to Ocalan's Arrest 10. Following Ocalan's Arrest: The 'Second Manifesto' Part 5: Sources and Motivations 11. Tribe and Treason: The 'Twin Heritage' of Kurdishness 12. The Nature and Resource Field of the Organization 13. Messianic Charisma: For Whom it Operates Part 6: The Rise and Fall of the PKK 14. The Organizational Ascent 15. The Organizational Vicious Circle and Its Shrinkage Part 7: Conclusion Epilogue Tables Appendices Bibliography

Ali Kemal Ozcan holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Kent. His thesis investigates the resent Kurdish resistance in Turkey. He is the author of Humanisation Movement (Berlin 1999): The Nature and Resource Field of the Kurdish Resistance in Turkey: A Dormant Resource (forthcoming 2005). Research interests include nationalism, democratisation and civil society.

'This book reappraises the Kurdish movement in Turkey and presents insights into the nature of Kurdish social structure.' -The MiddleEast

• Introduction Part 1: Nationalism 1. Distilling the 'Mongrelized' Twin Concepts of Modernity 2. The Twilight of 'Communist Nationalism' 3. Kurds' Nationness and Nationalism in Modern Turkey Part 2: The Seeds of Turkey's Kurdish Question 4. The Last Push for the Last Refuge 5. The Vital Concerns of the Republican Turkish Political Elite: A 'National War' without Nationalism 6. The Sharp Contrast between the Two Policies Part 3: Enter the PKK 7. The Accumulative Period 8. The Emergence of the 'Apocular' Group Part 4: The Discourse and the Objectives of the PKK 9. The Theoretical Development of the Party and Its Programme from its Foundation to Ocalan's Arrest 10. Following Ocalan's Arrest: The 'Second Manifesto' Part 5: Sources and Motivations 11. Tribe and Treason: The 'Twin Heritage' of Kurdishness 12. The Nature and Resource Field of the Organization 13. Messianic Charisma: For Whom it Operates Part 6: The Rise and Fall of the PKK 14. The Organizational Ascent 15. The Organizational Vicious Circle and Its Shrinkage Part 7: Conclusion Epilogue Tables Appendices Bibliography

Ali Kemal Ozcan holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Kent. His thesis investigates the resent Kurdish resistance in Turkey. He is the author of Humanisation Movement (Berlin 1999): The Nature and Resource Field of the Kurdish Resistance in Turkey: A Dormant Resource (forthcoming 2005). Research interests include nationalism, democratisation and civil society.

'This book reappraises the Kurdish movement in Turkey and presents insights into the nature of Kurdish social structure.' -The MiddleEast

• Introduction Part 1: Nationalism 1. Distilling the 'Mongrelized' Twin Concepts of Modernity 2. The Twilight of 'Communist Nationalism' 3. Kurds' Nationness and Nationalism in Modern Turkey Part 2: The Seeds of Turkey's Kurdish Question 4. The Last Push for the Last Refuge 5. The Vital Concerns of the Republican Turkish Political Elite: A 'National War' without Nationalism 6. The Sharp Contrast between the Two Policies Part 3: Enter the PKK 7. The Accumulative Period 8. The Emergence of the 'Apocular' Group Part 4: The Discourse and the Objectives of the PKK 9. The Theoretical Development of the Party and Its Programme from its Foundation to Ocalan's Arrest 10. Following Ocalan's Arrest: The 'Second Manifesto' Part 5: Sources and Motivations 11. Tribe and Treason: The 'Twin Heritage' of Kurdishness 12. The Nature and Resource Field of the Organization 13. Messianic Charisma: For Whom it Operates Part 6: The Rise and Fall of the PKK 14. The Organizational Ascent 15. The Organizational Vicious Circle and Its Shrinkage Part 7: Conclusion Epilogue Tables Appendices Bibliography