John Bartle is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Government, University of Essex, United Kingdom. Paolo Bellucci is Professor at the Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche at the University of Siena, Italy.

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• 1. Introduction: Partisanship, social identity and individual attitudes 2. Deconstructing party identification–and reconstructions beyond 3. Party identification revisited 4. Rethinking partisanship: Some thoughts on a unified theory 5. Partisanship in nine western democracies: Causes and consequences 6. Travel tips for students of electoral choice: The dynamics of partisanship in Britain and elsewhere 7. Individual and contextual origins of durable partisanship 8. Partisanship and system support in established and new democracies 9. Adversarial politics, civic virtues and partisanship in Eastern and Western Europe 10. The stability of partisanship: Evidence from a Russian panel study 11. A spirited defence of party identification against its critics 12. Conclusion: Partisanship and heterogeneity