Patricia K. Kerig, PhD received her doctorate in clinical psychology from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, and currently is a Professor and Director of Clinical Training at the University of Utah, USA. She is the author of numerous works dedicated to the developmental psychopathology of childhood and adolescent trauma.Cecilia Wainryb, PhD received her doctorate in developmental psychology from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, and currently is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah, USA. She is the author of numerous works dedicated to understanding moral development in children coping with interpersonal conflict.

• Part 1: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World1. Introduction: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology, and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World Patricia K. Kerig and Cecilia Wainryb Trauma Symptom Expression Among Former Child Soldiers2. Complex Trauma Symptoms in Former Ugandan Child Soldiers Fiona Klasen, Johanna Gehrke, Franka Metzner, Monica Blotevogel, James Okello3. Impact of Peer Support on PTSD, Hope, and Functional Impairment: A Mixed-Methods Study of Child Soldiers in Nepal Christopher A. Morley, Brandon A. Kohrt Long–Term Impacts of Involvement in Child Soldiering4. Child Soldiers as Adults: The Mozambique Case Study Neil Boothby and Blake Thompson5. Children of Former Child Soldiers and Never-Conscripted Civilians: A Preliminary Intergenerational Study in Burundi Suzan J. Song, Joop de Jong, Ruth O’Hara and Cheryl Koopman Implications of International Research on Child Soldiers for Studying Youth in the U.S.6. America’s Child Soldiers: Toward a Research Agenda for Studying Gang-Involved Youth in the United States Patricia K. Kerig, Cecilia Wainryb, Michelle Sinayobye Twali and Shannon D. ChaploPart 2: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers7. Introduction: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers Patricia K. Kerig and Cecilia WainrybEfforts to Promote Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Traumatized Former Child Soldiers8. Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone: The Role of Caregivers and Their Awareness of the Violence Adolescents Experienced During the War Ivelina I. Borisova, Theresa S. Betancourt and John B. Willett9. Participation‘ as Principle and Tool in Social Reintegration: Young Mothers Formerly Associated with Armed Groups in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Northern Uganda Angela Veale, Susan McKay, Miranda Worthen and Michael G. Wessells10. Promoting Recovery After War in Northern Uganda: Reducing Daily Stressors by Alleviating Poverty Jeannie Annan, Eric P. Green and Moriah BrierToward the Future: Implications of Research and Intervention with Traumatized Former Child Soldiers11. Toward a Relational Understanding of the Reintegration and Rehabilitation Processes of Former Child Soldiers Ilse Derluyn, Sofie Vindevogel and Lucia De Haene12. The Person and the Societal Context: Future Directions for Research on the Traumatic Effects of Child Soldiering Around the World Cecilia Wainryb and Patricia K. Kerig

Patricia K. Kerig, PhD received her doctorate in clinical psychology from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, and currently is a Professor and Director of Clinical Training at the University of Utah, USA. She is the author of numerous works dedicated to the developmental psychopathology of childhood and adolescent trauma.Cecilia Wainryb, PhD received her doctorate in developmental psychology from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, and currently is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah, USA. She is the author of numerous works dedicated to understanding moral development in children coping with interpersonal conflict.

• Part 1: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World1. Introduction: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology, and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World Patricia K. Kerig and Cecilia Wainryb Trauma Symptom Expression Among Former Child Soldiers2. Complex Trauma Symptoms in Former Ugandan Child Soldiers Fiona Klasen, Johanna Gehrke, Franka Metzner, Monica Blotevogel, James Okello3. Impact of Peer Support on PTSD, Hope, and Functional Impairment: A Mixed-Methods Study of Child Soldiers in Nepal Christopher A. Morley, Brandon A. Kohrt Long–Term Impacts of Involvement in Child Soldiering4. Child Soldiers as Adults: The Mozambique Case Study Neil Boothby and Blake Thompson5. Children of Former Child Soldiers and Never-Conscripted Civilians: A Preliminary Intergenerational Study in Burundi Suzan J. Song, Joop de Jong, Ruth O’Hara and Cheryl Koopman Implications of International Research on Child Soldiers for Studying Youth in the U.S.6. America’s Child Soldiers: Toward a Research Agenda for Studying Gang-Involved Youth in the United States Patricia K. Kerig, Cecilia Wainryb, Michelle Sinayobye Twali and Shannon D. ChaploPart 2: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers7. Introduction: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers Patricia K. Kerig and Cecilia WainrybEfforts to Promote Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Traumatized Former Child Soldiers8. Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone: The Role of Caregivers and Their Awareness of the Violence Adolescents Experienced During the War Ivelina I. Borisova, Theresa S. Betancourt and John B. Willett9. Participation‘ as Principle and Tool in Social Reintegration: Young Mothers Formerly Associated with Armed Groups in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Northern Uganda Angela Veale, Susan McKay, Miranda Worthen and Michael G. Wessells10. Promoting Recovery After War in Northern Uganda: Reducing Daily Stressors by Alleviating Poverty Jeannie Annan, Eric P. Green and Moriah BrierToward the Future: Implications of Research and Intervention with Traumatized Former Child Soldiers11. Toward a Relational Understanding of the Reintegration and Rehabilitation Processes of Former Child Soldiers Ilse Derluyn, Sofie Vindevogel and Lucia De Haene12. The Person and the Societal Context: Future Directions for Research on the Traumatic Effects of Child Soldiering Around the World Cecilia Wainryb and Patricia K. Kerig

Patricia K. Kerig, PhD received her doctorate in clinical psychology from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, and currently is a Professor and Director of Clinical Training at the University of Utah, USA. She is the author of numerous works dedicated to the developmental psychopathology of childhood and adolescent trauma.Cecilia Wainryb, PhD received her doctorate in developmental psychology from the University of California at Berkeley, USA, and currently is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah, USA. She is the author of numerous works dedicated to understanding moral development in children coping with interpersonal conflict.

• Part 1: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World1. Introduction: New Research on Trauma, Psychopathology, and Resilience among Child Soldiers around the World Patricia K. Kerig and Cecilia Wainryb Trauma Symptom Expression Among Former Child Soldiers2. Complex Trauma Symptoms in Former Ugandan Child Soldiers Fiona Klasen, Johanna Gehrke, Franka Metzner, Monica Blotevogel, James Okello3. Impact of Peer Support on PTSD, Hope, and Functional Impairment: A Mixed-Methods Study of Child Soldiers in Nepal Christopher A. Morley, Brandon A. Kohrt Long–Term Impacts of Involvement in Child Soldiering4. Child Soldiers as Adults: The Mozambique Case Study Neil Boothby and Blake Thompson5. Children of Former Child Soldiers and Never-Conscripted Civilians: A Preliminary Intergenerational Study in Burundi Suzan J. Song, Joop de Jong, Ruth O’Hara and Cheryl Koopman Implications of International Research on Child Soldiers for Studying Youth in the U.S.6. America’s Child Soldiers: Toward a Research Agenda for Studying Gang-Involved Youth in the United States Patricia K. Kerig, Cecilia Wainryb, Michelle Sinayobye Twali and Shannon D. ChaploPart 2: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers7. Introduction: Interventions to Promote Reintegration of Traumatized Youth Conscripted as Child Soldiers Patricia K. Kerig and Cecilia WainrybEfforts to Promote Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Traumatized Former Child Soldiers8. Reintegration of Former Child Soldiers in Sierra Leone: The Role of Caregivers and Their Awareness of the Violence Adolescents Experienced During the War Ivelina I. Borisova, Theresa S. Betancourt and John B. Willett9. Participation‘ as Principle and Tool in Social Reintegration: Young Mothers Formerly Associated with Armed Groups in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Northern Uganda Angela Veale, Susan McKay, Miranda Worthen and Michael G. Wessells10. Promoting Recovery After War in Northern Uganda: Reducing Daily Stressors by Alleviating Poverty Jeannie Annan, Eric P. Green and Moriah BrierToward the Future: Implications of Research and Intervention with Traumatized Former Child Soldiers11. Toward a Relational Understanding of the Reintegration and Rehabilitation Processes of Former Child Soldiers Ilse Derluyn, Sofie Vindevogel and Lucia De Haene12. The Person and the Societal Context: Future Directions for Research on the Traumatic Effects of Child Soldiering Around the World Cecilia Wainryb and Patricia K. Kerig