Mukesh Samant is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Zoology’s Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory at Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. He earned his PhD from the Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has more than four years of postdoctoral experience at Laval University, Quebec, Canada, and more than 20 years of research experience of Leishmania biology, microbiology, immunology, molecular parasitology, bioremediation, and rhizosphere microbiology. He has published more than 45 research papers in highly reputed international journals. He has reviewed publications for various international journals like Scientific Reports, Vaccine, Parasitology, Journal of Immunology, and Frontiers in Microbiology. He is currently working on live attenuated vaccine and drug development against various parasites and viruses and has completed two research projects in this area. Dr. Prashant Khare is a Vice President (R&D) at Xenesis Institute, Absolute in Gurugram (Haryana), India. Previously, he was a Ramalingaswami Fellow and Scientist D in the Department of Microbiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India. He completed his PhD from the Division of Parasitology at the Central Drug Research Institute in Lucknow, (Uttar Pradesh), India. He has almost five years of postdoctoral experience from the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, USA, and more than 15 years of research experience in the field of infectious biology, immunology, vaccine, and drug development. He has published more than 30 research papers in highly reputable international journals such as Nature Immunology and Nature Communication. He has reviewed publications and served in an editorial role for several international journals as well.

• Section 1 Introduction1. History of the human viral infection and their clinical manifestationSection 2 Role of cytokines in DNA virus infections2. Role of cytokines in Herpes simplex virus infection3. Cytokine response against Epsteine-Barr virus infection4. Cytokine response against vaccinia virus5. Cytokine response against human papillomavirus infectionSection 3 Role of cytokines in RNA virus infections6. Rotavirus virus7. Cytokine response against coxsackievirus B3 infection8. Cytokine response against coronavirus9. Cytokine response in dengue virus10. Role of cytokines in chikungunya infections11. Cytokine response against hepatitis C virus12. Cytokine response against zika virus13. The role of cytokine response in influenza virus pathogenesis in humans14. Cytokine response against respiratory syncytial virus15. Cytokine response in rabies virus infection16. Cytokine response against west nile virusSection 4 Role of cytokines in reverse transcribing virus infections17. Cytokine response in HTLV infection18. Role of cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection19. Hepatitis-B immunopathogenesis: Role of cytokines in disease progressionSection 5 Diagnostics and therapeutic tools20. Recent advances and strategies in diagnostic tools, therapeutic and prophylactic measures

Mukesh Samant is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Zoology’s Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory at Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. He earned his PhD from the Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has more than four years of postdoctoral experience at Laval University, Quebec, Canada, and more than 20 years of research experience of Leishmania biology, microbiology, immunology, molecular parasitology, bioremediation, and rhizosphere microbiology. He has published more than 45 research papers in highly reputed international journals. He has reviewed publications for various international journals like Scientific Reports, Vaccine, Parasitology, Journal of Immunology, and Frontiers in Microbiology. He is currently working on live attenuated vaccine and drug development against various parasites and viruses and has completed two research projects in this area. Dr. Prashant Khare is a Vice President (R&D) at Xenesis Institute, Absolute in Gurugram (Haryana), India. Previously, he was a Ramalingaswami Fellow and Scientist D in the Department of Microbiology at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India. He completed his PhD from the Division of Parasitology at the Central Drug Research Institute in Lucknow, (Uttar Pradesh), India. He has almost five years of postdoctoral experience from the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, USA, and more than 15 years of research experience in the field of infectious biology, immunology, vaccine, and drug development. He has published more than 30 research papers in highly reputable international journals such as Nature Immunology and Nature Communication. He has reviewed publications and served in an editorial role for several international journals as well.

• Section 1 Introduction1. History of the human viral infection and their clinical manifestationSection 2 Role of cytokines in DNA virus infections2. Role of cytokines in Herpes simplex virus infection3. Cytokine response against Epsteine-Barr virus infection4. Cytokine response against vaccinia virus5. Cytokine response against human papillomavirus infectionSection 3 Role of cytokines in RNA virus infections6. Rotavirus virus7. Cytokine response against coxsackievirus B3 infection8. Cytokine response against coronavirus9. Cytokine response in dengue virus10. Role of cytokines in chikungunya infections11. Cytokine response against hepatitis C virus12. Cytokine response against zika virus13. The role of cytokine response in influenza virus pathogenesis in humans14. Cytokine response against respiratory syncytial virus15. Cytokine response in rabies virus infection16. Cytokine response against west nile virusSection 4 Role of cytokines in reverse transcribing virus infections17. Cytokine response in HTLV infection18. Role of cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection19. Hepatitis-B immunopathogenesis: Role of cytokines in disease progressionSection 5 Diagnostics and therapeutic tools20. Recent advances and strategies in diagnostic tools, therapeutic and prophylactic measures