Michael Joyner, M.D., is a physician-researcher and leading expert on human performance and exercise physiology. He is currently a consultant in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering at the Mayo Clinic, United States. Using humans as his model system, he has made major contributions to understanding muscle and skin blood flow, blood pressure regulation, and human athletic performance. Dr. Joyner has been a consultant to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NASA and has held leadership positions with prestigious scientific journals. His research lab at Mayo Clinic has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1993, and Mayo Clinic named him a Distinguished Investigator in 2010. Jerome A. Dempsey is the Director of the John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, United States. His research interests are concerned with the regulation of breathing in various physiologic states in un-anesthetized humans and animals. He is involved with the supervision of trainees and instructor in respiratory / exercise / sleep physiology for medical students, undergraduates and graduate students. Dr. Dempsey is the recipient of a number of awards including the Bayliss-Starling Prize Lecture awared by the UK Physiologic Society in 2012 and the 2013 Bodil M. Schmidt-Nielsen Distinguished Mentor and Scientist Award from the American Physiological Society. He is the former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Applied Physiology and currently is the CrossTalk Editor for the Journal of Physiology.

• 1. The roadmap2. The air3. The lung4. The lung/blood interface5. Getting oxygen through the lung6. Getting oxygen from lung to tissues7. From microcirculation to mitochondria8. After O2 is used, CO2’s return trip to the air9. Scaling and animal size10. Comparative solutions to unique problems

Michael Joyner, M.D., is a physician-researcher and leading expert on human performance and exercise physiology. He is currently a consultant in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering at the Mayo Clinic, United States. Using humans as his model system, he has made major contributions to understanding muscle and skin blood flow, blood pressure regulation, and human athletic performance. Dr. Joyner has been a consultant to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NASA and has held leadership positions with prestigious scientific journals. His research lab at Mayo Clinic has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1993, and Mayo Clinic named him a Distinguished Investigator in 2010. Jerome A. Dempsey is the Director of the John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, United States. His research interests are concerned with the regulation of breathing in various physiologic states in un-anesthetized humans and animals. He is involved with the supervision of trainees and instructor in respiratory / exercise / sleep physiology for medical students, undergraduates and graduate students. Dr. Dempsey is the recipient of a number of awards including the Bayliss-Starling Prize Lecture awared by the UK Physiologic Society in 2012 and the 2013 Bodil M. Schmidt-Nielsen Distinguished Mentor and Scientist Award from the American Physiological Society. He is the former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Applied Physiology and currently is the CrossTalk Editor for the Journal of Physiology.

• 1. The roadmap2. The air3. The lung4. The lung/blood interface5. Getting oxygen through the lung6. Getting oxygen from lung to tissues7. From microcirculation to mitochondria8. After O2 is used, CO2’s return trip to the air9. Scaling and animal size10. Comparative solutions to unique problems

Michael Joyner, M.D., is a physician-researcher and leading expert on human performance and exercise physiology. He is currently a consultant in the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering at the Mayo Clinic, United States. Using humans as his model system, he has made major contributions to understanding muscle and skin blood flow, blood pressure regulation, and human athletic performance. Dr. Joyner has been a consultant to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NASA and has held leadership positions with prestigious scientific journals. His research lab at Mayo Clinic has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1993, and Mayo Clinic named him a Distinguished Investigator in 2010. Jerome A. Dempsey is the Director of the John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin, United States. His research interests are concerned with the regulation of breathing in various physiologic states in un-anesthetized humans and animals. He is involved with the supervision of trainees and instructor in respiratory / exercise / sleep physiology for medical students, undergraduates and graduate students. Dr. Dempsey is the recipient of a number of awards including the Bayliss-Starling Prize Lecture awared by the UK Physiologic Society in 2012 and the 2013 Bodil M. Schmidt-Nielsen Distinguished Mentor and Scientist Award from the American Physiological Society. He is the former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Applied Physiology and currently is the CrossTalk Editor for the Journal of Physiology.

• 1. The roadmap2. The air3. The lung4. The lung/blood interface5. Getting oxygen through the lung6. Getting oxygen from lung to tissues7. From microcirculation to mitochondria8. After O2 is used, CO2’s return trip to the air9. Scaling and animal size10. Comparative solutions to unique problems