Dr. Rainer W. G. Gruessner, MD, FACS, FICS, is Professor of Surgery at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University. He formerly served as Chairmen of the Departments of Surgery at the University of Zurich, University of Arizona, and State University of New York. Dr. Gruessner is a nationally renowned surgeon and clinical innovator who has developed new surgical techniques for intestinal, pancreas, and liver transplants. He is prolific academic, a committed educator, and successful mentor to surgical and transplant faculty, residents and fellows. Dr. Gruessner’s academic accomplishments include more than 700 published manuscripts, review articles, book chapters, and published abstracts. Dr. Gruessner has been an invited speaker at over 170 institutions and meetings worldwide. He’s (co-) edited five textbooks: the standard textbooks on Transplantation of the Pancreas, Living Donor Transplantation, and Robotic Surgery and serving as senior editor of a textbook on Transplantation, Bioengineering and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas and a textbook on Technological Advances in Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care. He has served as PI and co-investigator on over 20 research projects and clinical trials, supported by industry, foundations, and the NIH. Dr. Gruessner is a member of over 20 national and international professional societies, has organized many international congresses, is an editorial board member for about 10 journals and has served on many professional and societal committees. In 2019, he received the Richard C. Lillehei award from the International Pancreas and Islet Association (IPITA) for his lifetime achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation. Enrico Benedetti, MD, FACS, Warren H. Cole Chair in Surgery, Professor and Head of the Department of Surgery and Medical Director, Abdominal Organ Transplant Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Enrico Benedetti was born in Perugia, Italy, on Oct. 3, 1960. Dr. Benedetti graduated cum laude from the medical school in the University of Florence in 1985 and completed a surgical residency at the same university by 1989. In 1989, he moved to Chicago to start a United States surgery residency at the University of Illinois at Chicago, which he completed in 1993. Dr. Benedetti earned a fellowship in transplant surgery at the University of Minnesota. Since 1994, Dr. Benedetti has been a transplant surgeon at the University of Illinois. He started as an Assistant Professor of Surgery and rose through the ranks first to Associate Professor in 1999 and then to Professor in 2005. Dr. Benedetti is currently the Head of Department of Surgery and the Director of the Abdominal Organ Transplant Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Benedetti is also the recipient of the Joseph Cardinal Bernardin Humanitarian of the Year Award. Dr. Benedetti has published more than 300 articles and more than 30 book chapters and is the editor of the seminal book, “Living Donor Organ Transplantation.” Included among his many surgical accomplishments are: • The first successful combined coronary artery bypass and liver transplant worldwide• The first robotic donor nephrectomy for living donor kidney transplant worldwide in 2000• The first combined living donor liver/bowel transplant from adult to an infant worldwide in 2003 • The first robotic combined kidney/pancreas procurement for living donor kidney/pancreas transplant worldwide in 2005• The largest series worldwide of living donor intestinal transplantation (32 of a total of 47 cases done in the world) • First robotic kidney transplant in obese recipient in 2009

• PART I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF LIVING DONOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION1. Introduction and Rationale2. Cultural Differences In Living Organ Donation3. Ethical and Legal Issues4. Donor Counseling and Consent5. Nondirected Donors6. General Aspects of Living Donor Organ Transplantation: Social IssuesPART II. PAID LEGAL AND ILLEGAL ORGAN DONATION7. Current Financial Incentives8. Paid Legal Organ Donation9. Challenges of Paid Organ Donation for Public Health Care Policy10. Who’s Got the Knife? The Role of Surgeons in Transplant TraffickingPART III. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA11. Living Donor Organ Transplantation: The Role of Public Solicitation12. The Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Paid Legal and Illegal Organ DonationPART IV. ORGAN-SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LIVING DONOR ABDOMINAL ORGAN TRANSPLANTATIONSECTION I. KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION13. Kidney Transplantation: Personal Reflections14. History of Living Donor Kidney Transplantation15. Kidney Transplantation: Geographical Differences16. Preemptive Living Transplantation: The Ideal Therapeutic Modality for End-Stage Renal Disease17. Kidney Transplantation: The Donor18. Kidney Transplantation: The Recipient19. Kidney Transplantation: Cost AnalysisSECTION II. PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION20. History of and Rationale for Pancreas Transplantation21. Pancreas Transplantation: The Donor22. Pancreas Transplantation: The Recipient23. The Asian Experience24. International Pancreas Registry Report (IPTR) and Long-Term Outcome25. Islet Autotransplantation after Pancreatectomy26. Islet Transplantation Using Living DonorsSECTION III. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION27. Personal Reflections and History of Living Donor Liver Transplantation28. The Impact of the A2all Study29. Regional Variations in the U.S. Living Donor Experience30. Institutional Needs for Living Donor Liver Transplantation31. Role of Split Liver Transplantation from Deceased Donors: Lessons Learned32. Liver Regeneration33. Living Donor Liver Transplantation: The Donor34. Liver Transplantation: The Recipient35. Liver Transplantation: Cost AnalysisSECTION IV. INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION36. History of Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation37. Indications for Living Donor Intestinal (and Liver) Transplantation38. Intestinal Transplantation – The Donor39. Intestinal Transplantation – The RecipientSECTION V. UTERUS TRANSPLANTATION40. History of Living Donor Uterus Transplantation41. Uterus Transplantation - The Donor42. Uterus Transplantation - The RecipientPART V. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO LIVING DONOR TRANSPLANTATION 43. Dual-Organ Donation and Transplantation44. Use of Living Donors for HIV-Positive Transplant Candidates45. New Immunosuppressive Protocols46. Strategies to Induce Tolerance47. Xenotransplantation48. Gene Therapy49. Organogenesis and related approaches for organ replacement50. Consensus Conferences on Living Donor Organ Transplantation51. Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Living Donor Organ Transplantation

Dr. Rainer W. G. Gruessner, MD, FACS, FICS, is Professor of Surgery at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University. He formerly served as Chairmen of the Departments of Surgery at the University of Zurich, University of Arizona, and State University of New York. Dr. Gruessner is a nationally renowned surgeon and clinical innovator who has developed new surgical techniques for intestinal, pancreas, and liver transplants. He is prolific academic, a committed educator, and successful mentor to surgical and transplant faculty, residents and fellows. Dr. Gruessner’s academic accomplishments include more than 700 published manuscripts, review articles, book chapters, and published abstracts. Dr. Gruessner has been an invited speaker at over 170 institutions and meetings worldwide. He’s (co-) edited five textbooks: the standard textbooks on Transplantation of the Pancreas, Living Donor Transplantation, and Robotic Surgery and serving as senior editor of a textbook on Transplantation, Bioengineering and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas and a textbook on Technological Advances in Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care. He has served as PI and co-investigator on over 20 research projects and clinical trials, supported by industry, foundations, and the NIH. Dr. Gruessner is a member of over 20 national and international professional societies, has organized many international congresses, is an editorial board member for about 10 journals and has served on many professional and societal committees. In 2019, he received the Richard C. Lillehei award from the International Pancreas and Islet Association (IPITA) for his lifetime achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation. Enrico Benedetti, MD, FACS, Warren H. Cole Chair in Surgery, Professor and Head of the Department of Surgery and Medical Director, Abdominal Organ Transplant Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Enrico Benedetti was born in Perugia, Italy, on Oct. 3, 1960. Dr. Benedetti graduated cum laude from the medical school in the University of Florence in 1985 and completed a surgical residency at the same university by 1989. In 1989, he moved to Chicago to start a United States surgery residency at the University of Illinois at Chicago, which he completed in 1993. Dr. Benedetti earned a fellowship in transplant surgery at the University of Minnesota. Since 1994, Dr. Benedetti has been a transplant surgeon at the University of Illinois. He started as an Assistant Professor of Surgery and rose through the ranks first to Associate Professor in 1999 and then to Professor in 2005. Dr. Benedetti is currently the Head of Department of Surgery and the Director of the Abdominal Organ Transplant Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Benedetti is also the recipient of the Joseph Cardinal Bernardin Humanitarian of the Year Award. Dr. Benedetti has published more than 300 articles and more than 30 book chapters and is the editor of the seminal book, “Living Donor Organ Transplantation.” Included among his many surgical accomplishments are: • The first successful combined coronary artery bypass and liver transplant worldwide• The first robotic donor nephrectomy for living donor kidney transplant worldwide in 2000• The first combined living donor liver/bowel transplant from adult to an infant worldwide in 2003 • The first robotic combined kidney/pancreas procurement for living donor kidney/pancreas transplant worldwide in 2005• The largest series worldwide of living donor intestinal transplantation (32 of a total of 47 cases done in the world) • First robotic kidney transplant in obese recipient in 2009

• PART I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF LIVING DONOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION1. Introduction and Rationale2. Cultural Differences In Living Organ Donation3. Ethical and Legal Issues4. Donor Counseling and Consent5. Nondirected Donors6. General Aspects of Living Donor Organ Transplantation: Social IssuesPART II. PAID LEGAL AND ILLEGAL ORGAN DONATION7. Current Financial Incentives8. Paid Legal Organ Donation9. Challenges of Paid Organ Donation for Public Health Care Policy10. Who’s Got the Knife? The Role of Surgeons in Transplant TraffickingPART III. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA11. Living Donor Organ Transplantation: The Role of Public Solicitation12. The Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Paid Legal and Illegal Organ DonationPART IV. ORGAN-SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LIVING DONOR ABDOMINAL ORGAN TRANSPLANTATIONSECTION I. KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION13. Kidney Transplantation: Personal Reflections14. History of Living Donor Kidney Transplantation15. Kidney Transplantation: Geographical Differences16. Preemptive Living Transplantation: The Ideal Therapeutic Modality for End-Stage Renal Disease17. Kidney Transplantation: The Donor18. Kidney Transplantation: The Recipient19. Kidney Transplantation: Cost AnalysisSECTION II. PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION20. History of and Rationale for Pancreas Transplantation21. Pancreas Transplantation: The Donor22. Pancreas Transplantation: The Recipient23. The Asian Experience24. International Pancreas Registry Report (IPTR) and Long-Term Outcome25. Islet Autotransplantation after Pancreatectomy26. Islet Transplantation Using Living DonorsSECTION III. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION27. Personal Reflections and History of Living Donor Liver Transplantation28. The Impact of the A2all Study29. Regional Variations in the U.S. Living Donor Experience30. Institutional Needs for Living Donor Liver Transplantation31. Role of Split Liver Transplantation from Deceased Donors: Lessons Learned32. Liver Regeneration33. Living Donor Liver Transplantation: The Donor34. Liver Transplantation: The Recipient35. Liver Transplantation: Cost AnalysisSECTION IV. INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION36. History of Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation37. Indications for Living Donor Intestinal (and Liver) Transplantation38. Intestinal Transplantation – The Donor39. Intestinal Transplantation – The RecipientSECTION V. UTERUS TRANSPLANTATION40. History of Living Donor Uterus Transplantation41. Uterus Transplantation - The Donor42. Uterus Transplantation - The RecipientPART V. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO LIVING DONOR TRANSPLANTATION 43. Dual-Organ Donation and Transplantation44. Use of Living Donors for HIV-Positive Transplant Candidates45. New Immunosuppressive Protocols46. Strategies to Induce Tolerance47. Xenotransplantation48. Gene Therapy49. Organogenesis and related approaches for organ replacement50. Consensus Conferences on Living Donor Organ Transplantation51. Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Living Donor Organ Transplantation

Dr. Rainer W. G. Gruessner, MD, FACS, FICS, is Professor of Surgery at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University. He formerly served as Chairmen of the Departments of Surgery at the University of Zurich, University of Arizona, and State University of New York. Dr. Gruessner is a nationally renowned surgeon and clinical innovator who has developed new surgical techniques for intestinal, pancreas, and liver transplants. He is prolific academic, a committed educator, and successful mentor to surgical and transplant faculty, residents and fellows. Dr. Gruessner’s academic accomplishments include more than 700 published manuscripts, review articles, book chapters, and published abstracts. Dr. Gruessner has been an invited speaker at over 170 institutions and meetings worldwide. He’s (co-) edited five textbooks: the standard textbooks on Transplantation of the Pancreas, Living Donor Transplantation, and Robotic Surgery and serving as senior editor of a textbook on Transplantation, Bioengineering and Regeneration of the Endocrine Pancreas and a textbook on Technological Advances in Surgery, Trauma and Critical Care. He has served as PI and co-investigator on over 20 research projects and clinical trials, supported by industry, foundations, and the NIH. Dr. Gruessner is a member of over 20 national and international professional societies, has organized many international congresses, is an editorial board member for about 10 journals and has served on many professional and societal committees. In 2019, he received the Richard C. Lillehei award from the International Pancreas and Islet Association (IPITA) for his lifetime achievements in the field of pancreas transplantation. Enrico Benedetti, MD, FACS, Warren H. Cole Chair in Surgery, Professor and Head of the Department of Surgery and Medical Director, Abdominal Organ Transplant Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Enrico Benedetti was born in Perugia, Italy, on Oct. 3, 1960. Dr. Benedetti graduated cum laude from the medical school in the University of Florence in 1985 and completed a surgical residency at the same university by 1989. In 1989, he moved to Chicago to start a United States surgery residency at the University of Illinois at Chicago, which he completed in 1993. Dr. Benedetti earned a fellowship in transplant surgery at the University of Minnesota. Since 1994, Dr. Benedetti has been a transplant surgeon at the University of Illinois. He started as an Assistant Professor of Surgery and rose through the ranks first to Associate Professor in 1999 and then to Professor in 2005. Dr. Benedetti is currently the Head of Department of Surgery and the Director of the Abdominal Organ Transplant Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Benedetti is also the recipient of the Joseph Cardinal Bernardin Humanitarian of the Year Award. Dr. Benedetti has published more than 300 articles and more than 30 book chapters and is the editor of the seminal book, “Living Donor Organ Transplantation.” Included among his many surgical accomplishments are: • The first successful combined coronary artery bypass and liver transplant worldwide• The first robotic donor nephrectomy for living donor kidney transplant worldwide in 2000• The first combined living donor liver/bowel transplant from adult to an infant worldwide in 2003 • The first robotic combined kidney/pancreas procurement for living donor kidney/pancreas transplant worldwide in 2005• The largest series worldwide of living donor intestinal transplantation (32 of a total of 47 cases done in the world) • First robotic kidney transplant in obese recipient in 2009

• PART I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF LIVING DONOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION1. Introduction and Rationale2. Cultural Differences In Living Organ Donation3. Ethical and Legal Issues4. Donor Counseling and Consent5. Nondirected Donors6. General Aspects of Living Donor Organ Transplantation: Social IssuesPART II. PAID LEGAL AND ILLEGAL ORGAN DONATION7. Current Financial Incentives8. Paid Legal Organ Donation9. Challenges of Paid Organ Donation for Public Health Care Policy10. Who’s Got the Knife? The Role of Surgeons in Transplant TraffickingPART III. THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA11. Living Donor Organ Transplantation: The Role of Public Solicitation12. The Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Paid Legal and Illegal Organ DonationPART IV. ORGAN-SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF LIVING DONOR ABDOMINAL ORGAN TRANSPLANTATIONSECTION I. KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION13. Kidney Transplantation: Personal Reflections14. History of Living Donor Kidney Transplantation15. Kidney Transplantation: Geographical Differences16. Preemptive Living Transplantation: The Ideal Therapeutic Modality for End-Stage Renal Disease17. Kidney Transplantation: The Donor18. Kidney Transplantation: The Recipient19. Kidney Transplantation: Cost AnalysisSECTION II. PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION20. History of and Rationale for Pancreas Transplantation21. Pancreas Transplantation: The Donor22. Pancreas Transplantation: The Recipient23. The Asian Experience24. International Pancreas Registry Report (IPTR) and Long-Term Outcome25. Islet Autotransplantation after Pancreatectomy26. Islet Transplantation Using Living DonorsSECTION III. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION27. Personal Reflections and History of Living Donor Liver Transplantation28. The Impact of the A2all Study29. Regional Variations in the U.S. Living Donor Experience30. Institutional Needs for Living Donor Liver Transplantation31. Role of Split Liver Transplantation from Deceased Donors: Lessons Learned32. Liver Regeneration33. Living Donor Liver Transplantation: The Donor34. Liver Transplantation: The Recipient35. Liver Transplantation: Cost AnalysisSECTION IV. INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTATION36. History of Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation37. Indications for Living Donor Intestinal (and Liver) Transplantation38. Intestinal Transplantation – The Donor39. Intestinal Transplantation – The RecipientSECTION V. UTERUS TRANSPLANTATION40. History of Living Donor Uterus Transplantation41. Uterus Transplantation - The Donor42. Uterus Transplantation - The RecipientPART V. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO LIVING DONOR TRANSPLANTATION 43. Dual-Organ Donation and Transplantation44. Use of Living Donors for HIV-Positive Transplant Candidates45. New Immunosuppressive Protocols46. Strategies to Induce Tolerance47. Xenotransplantation48. Gene Therapy49. Organogenesis and related approaches for organ replacement50. Consensus Conferences on Living Donor Organ Transplantation51. Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Living Donor Organ Transplantation