Zhirong Wang is Dean of the College of Emergency Management at Nanjing Tech University and Director of the Key Laboratory of New Energy Storage Battery Safety and Emergency Technology in the petroleum and chemical industry. He joined Nanjing Tech University in 2005 and was a Visiting Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, from 2013 to 2014. His research focuses on fire and explosion prevention, hazardous chemical safety, lithium-ion battery safety, and hydrogen safety. Professor Wang has led numerous nationally funded research projects and has published over 200 SCI-indexed journal articles. He is the inventor of more than 40 Chinese patents and five international patents. His contributions have been recognised through several prestigious awards, including the China Youth Science and Technology Award, the National Technological Progress Second Prize, and recognition under the National Ten Thousand Talents Plan. Dongxu Ouyang received his doctorate degree in 2021 at the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, and is currently an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University. His research interests focus on lithium-ion battery safety evaluation, thermal management, and high-voltage electrolytes. Qiong Cai is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a Professor in Sustainable Energy and Materials at the University of Surrey, UK. Her expertise is in multiscale materials modelling and design for sustainable energy conversion and storage applications including batteries, hydrogen production and utilisation. She obtained her MEng in Materials Science and Engineering from Tsinghua University and PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh. Followed by postdoctoral research at Imperial College London, she joined the University of Surrey in 2012, where she was promoted to Professor in 2023. Her research has been funded by various funding bodies including UKRI EPSRC, Faraday Institution, Horizon Europe, Royal Society, and Henry Royce Institute, involving in several major UK and European Consortium. She has supervised 12 postdocs and 20 PhD students as the primary supervisor to successful completion, and has published 180 peer-reviewed research papers.

• 1. Introduction2. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by mechanical abuse3. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by electrical abuse4. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by thermal abuse5. Electrochemical and thermal behaviors of aged lithium-ion batteries6. Thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries7. Derivative disasters of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway8. Thermal runaway simulation analysis of lithium-ion batteries9. Countermeasures for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway10. Prospects of safety protection for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway Including the current situation and deficiencies faced by lithium-ion battery and its safety countermeasures, as well as the developing direction of lithium-ion battery safety

Zhirong Wang is Dean of the College of Emergency Management at Nanjing Tech University and Director of the Key Laboratory of New Energy Storage Battery Safety and Emergency Technology in the petroleum and chemical industry. He joined Nanjing Tech University in 2005 and was a Visiting Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, from 2013 to 2014. His research focuses on fire and explosion prevention, hazardous chemical safety, lithium-ion battery safety, and hydrogen safety. Professor Wang has led numerous nationally funded research projects and has published over 200 SCI-indexed journal articles. He is the inventor of more than 40 Chinese patents and five international patents. His contributions have been recognised through several prestigious awards, including the China Youth Science and Technology Award, the National Technological Progress Second Prize, and recognition under the National Ten Thousand Talents Plan. Dongxu Ouyang received his doctorate degree in 2021 at the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, and is currently an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University. His research interests focus on lithium-ion battery safety evaluation, thermal management, and high-voltage electrolytes. Qiong Cai is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a Professor in Sustainable Energy and Materials at the University of Surrey, UK. Her expertise is in multiscale materials modelling and design for sustainable energy conversion and storage applications including batteries, hydrogen production and utilisation. She obtained her MEng in Materials Science and Engineering from Tsinghua University and PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh. Followed by postdoctoral research at Imperial College London, she joined the University of Surrey in 2012, where she was promoted to Professor in 2023. Her research has been funded by various funding bodies including UKRI EPSRC, Faraday Institution, Horizon Europe, Royal Society, and Henry Royce Institute, involving in several major UK and European Consortium. She has supervised 12 postdocs and 20 PhD students as the primary supervisor to successful completion, and has published 180 peer-reviewed research papers.

• 1. Introduction2. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by mechanical abuse3. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by electrical abuse4. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by thermal abuse5. Electrochemical and thermal behaviors of aged lithium-ion batteries6. Thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries7. Derivative disasters of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway8. Thermal runaway simulation analysis of lithium-ion batteries9. Countermeasures for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway10. Prospects of safety protection for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway Including the current situation and deficiencies faced by lithium-ion battery and its safety countermeasures, as well as the developing direction of lithium-ion battery safety

Zhirong Wang is Dean of the College of Emergency Management at Nanjing Tech University and Director of the Key Laboratory of New Energy Storage Battery Safety and Emergency Technology in the petroleum and chemical industry. He joined Nanjing Tech University in 2005 and was a Visiting Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, USA, from 2013 to 2014. His research focuses on fire and explosion prevention, hazardous chemical safety, lithium-ion battery safety, and hydrogen safety. Professor Wang has led numerous nationally funded research projects and has published over 200 SCI-indexed journal articles. He is the inventor of more than 40 Chinese patents and five international patents. His contributions have been recognised through several prestigious awards, including the China Youth Science and Technology Award, the National Technological Progress Second Prize, and recognition under the National Ten Thousand Talents Plan. Dongxu Ouyang received his doctorate degree in 2021 at the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, and is currently an associate professor at Nanjing Tech University. His research interests focus on lithium-ion battery safety evaluation, thermal management, and high-voltage electrolytes. Qiong Cai is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a Professor in Sustainable Energy and Materials at the University of Surrey, UK. Her expertise is in multiscale materials modelling and design for sustainable energy conversion and storage applications including batteries, hydrogen production and utilisation. She obtained her MEng in Materials Science and Engineering from Tsinghua University and PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh. Followed by postdoctoral research at Imperial College London, she joined the University of Surrey in 2012, where she was promoted to Professor in 2023. Her research has been funded by various funding bodies including UKRI EPSRC, Faraday Institution, Horizon Europe, Royal Society, and Henry Royce Institute, involving in several major UK and European Consortium. She has supervised 12 postdocs and 20 PhD students as the primary supervisor to successful completion, and has published 180 peer-reviewed research papers.

• 1. Introduction2. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by mechanical abuse3. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by electrical abuse4. Thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries induced by thermal abuse5. Electrochemical and thermal behaviors of aged lithium-ion batteries6. Thermal runaway propagation of lithium-ion batteries7. Derivative disasters of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway8. Thermal runaway simulation analysis of lithium-ion batteries9. Countermeasures for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway10. Prospects of safety protection for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway Including the current situation and deficiencies faced by lithium-ion battery and its safety countermeasures, as well as the developing direction of lithium-ion battery safety