Elizabeth Chang, Curtin Business School, has created, developed and taught courses in software engineering, project management, HCI, e-commerce, Databases, and Logistics and Supply Chain Management.  She has also successfully managed several commercial-grade IT projects for industry, taking them through the entire software lifecycle to project completion.  These projects range across Internet, peer-to-peer communications and e-commerce applications.  Professor Chang has over 100 scientific conference and journal papers of which 20 are on Trust.  Professor Tharam Dillon is Dean of Information Technology at the University of Technology, Sydney.  He is an expert in the fields of software engineering and data mining, and in trust, security and component-oriented access control.  He has published five authored and four co-edited books, in addition to over 400 scientific papers in refereed journals and conferences.Farookh K. Hussain is a PhD student at Curtin Business School, and has become an expert in the field of Trust, co-authoring over 20 papers on Trust over the last two years.

"…a useful addition to the library of all those that work in electronic commerce, whether they are technologists or business professionals. Its comprehensiveness and easy-to-follow narrative will be helpful in many projects." (Computing Reviews.com, October 10, 2006) "…this book addresses important issues relative to the creation of confidence in both human/users (agents) and hardware/software systems (objects)." (Ubiquity, August 1, 2006)

• Preface xviiAuthor Introduction xxiAcknowledgement xxiii1 Trust and Security in Service-oriented Environments 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Why Trust? 11.3 Trust and Security 31.4 Service-oriented Environment 61.5 Agents in Service-oriented Environments 91.6 Business in a Service-oriented Environment 111.7 Infrastructure in Service-oriented Environments 131.8 Technology in Service-oriented Environments 151.9 Trust in Service-oriented Environments 221.10 Chapter Summary 232 Trust Concepts and Trust Model 252.1 Introduction 252.2 Trust Environments 252.3 Trust Definitions in Literature 262.4 Advanced Trust Concepts 272.5 Trust Relationships 332.6 Trust Relationship Diagram 352.7 Trust Attributes and Methods 382.8 Initiation of the Relationship 392.9 The Trust Model 412.10 Chapter Summary 413 Trustworthiness 453.1 Introduction 453.2 Trustworthiness in Literature 453.3 Advanced Trustworthiness Definition 463.4 Seven Levels of the Trustworthiness 483.5 Semantics Representation and Postulates for Trustworthiness Levels 523.6 Trustworthiness Measure and Prediction 583.7 Challenges in Trustworthiness Measure and Prediction 593.8 Chapter Summary 614 Trust Ontology for Service-Oriented Environment 654.1 Introduction 654.2 Ontology 664.3 Hierarchy of Trust Concepts 714.4 Hierarchy of Agents, Service and Product Concepts 714.5 Hierarchy of Context and Association with Quality Assessment Criteria 744.6 Agent Trust Ontology 764.7 Service Trust Ontology 844.8 Product Trust Ontology 964.9 Trust Databases 1024.10 Summary 1065 The Fuzzy and Dynamic Nature of Trust 1095.1 Introduction 1095.2 Existing Literature 1105.3 Fuzzy and Dynamic Characteristics of Trust 1105.4 Endogenous and Exogenous Characteristics of Agents 1185.5 Reasoning the Fuzziness and Dynamism 1225.6 Managing the Fuzziness of Trust 1265.7 Managing the Dynamism of Trust 1265.8 Summary 1286 Trustworthiness Measure with CCCI 1316.1 Introduction 1316.2 Trustworthiness Measure Methodology 1316.3 CCCI Metrics 1376.4 The Commitment to the Criterion – Commitcriterion 1406.5 Clarity of a Criterion – Clearcriterion 1426.6 Influence of a Criterion – Infcriterion 1456.7 Correlation of Defined Quality – Corrqualities 1486.8 Trustworthiness Values and Corrqualities 1516.9 Summary 1537 Trustworthiness Systems 1557.1 Introduction 1557.2 Amazon's Trustworthiness Systems 1557.3 Yahoo's Trustworthiness Systems 1587.4 Epinions.com's Trustworthiness System 1617.5 eBay.com's Trustworthiness Systems 1657.6 BizRate.com's Trustworthiness Systems 1677.7 CNet.com's Trustworthiness Systems 1697.8 Review of Trustworthiness Systems 1737.9 CCCI for Trustworthiness of E-service 1757.10 Summary 1818 Reputation Concepts and the Reputation Model 1838.1 Introduction 1838.2 Reputation in Literature 1848.3 Advanced Reputation Concepts 1848.4 Reputation Relationship 1918.5 Recommendation Trust Relationship 1948.6 Third-party Trust Relationship 1978.7 Reputation Query Relationship 1998.8 Trustworthiness of Third-party Recommendation Agents 2028.9 Trustworthiness of the Opinion 2098.10 Reputation Model and Reputation Relationship Diagrams 2148.11 Conclusion 2189 Reputation Ontology 2219.1 Introduction 2219.2 Reputation Ontology 2219.3 Basic and Advanced Reputation Ontology 2279.4 Trustworthiness of Opinion Ontology 2299.5 Ontology for Reputation of an Agent 2319.6 Ontology for Reputation of Service 2329.7 Ontology for Reputation of a Product 2329.8 Reputation Databases 2339.9 Seven Levels of Reputation Measurement 2359.10 The Fuzzy Nature of Reputation 2409.11 The Dynamic Nature of Reputation 2429.12 Conclusion 24410 Reputation Calculation Methodologies 24710.1 Introduction 24710.2 Methods for Synthesising the Reputation from Recommendations 24810.3 Factors and Features that need to be Considered 24810.4 Deterministic Approach to Reputation Calculation 25010.5 Adjusting the Trustworthiness of Opinions 25210.6 Bayesian Approach 25610.7 Fuzzy System Approach 26010.8 Summary 26411 Reputation Systems 26511.1 Introduction 26511.2 Reshaping e-Business with Reputation Technology 26511.4 BizRate.com 26811.5 Elance.com 27011.6 Alibris.com 27211.7 MoneyControl.com 27311.8 Yahoo.com 27511.9 Epinions.com 27711.10 eBay.com 27811.11 CNET.com 27911.12 MovieLens Recommendation Systems 28311.13 Review of Reputation Systems 28411.14 Summary 285WEBSITES 28512 Trust and Reputation Prediction 28712.1 Introduction 28712.2 Considerations in Trustworthiness Prediction 28712.3 Example – Logistics Service 29212.4 Prediction Methods 29712.5 Exponential Smoothing 29812.6 Markov Approach Plus Trend and Seasonality 30212.7 Rejustification of Third-Party Recommender's Trust Value 30612.8 Summary 30713 Trust and Reputation Modeling 30913.1 Introduction 30913.2 Significance of Pictorial Modeling 30913.3 Notation Systems 31113.4 Trust Relationship Diagrams 31413.5 Trust Case Diagrams 31613.6 Trust Class Diagrams 32113.7 Trust Transition Diagrams 32713.8 Conclusion 33014 The Vision of Trust and Reputation Technology 33314.1 Introduction 33314.2 Business Intelligence 33314.3 Traditional IT and New-age Digital Ecosystems and Technology 33614.4 Trust and Reputation – An example of Digital Ecosystem and Technology 33814.5 Future Research and Development 34214.6 The Vision and Conclusion 343References 344Index 345

Elizabeth Chang, Curtin Business School, has created, developed and taught courses in software engineering, project management, HCI, e-commerce, Databases, and Logistics and Supply Chain Management.  She has also successfully managed several commercial-grade IT projects for industry, taking them through the entire software lifecycle to project completion.  These projects range across Internet, peer-to-peer communications and e-commerce applications.  Professor Chang has over 100 scientific conference and journal papers of which 20 are on Trust.  Professor Tharam Dillon is Dean of Information Technology at the University of Technology, Sydney.  He is an expert in the fields of software engineering and data mining, and in trust, security and component-oriented access control.  He has published five authored and four co-edited books, in addition to over 400 scientific papers in refereed journals and conferences.Farookh K. Hussain is a PhD student at Curtin Business School, and has become an expert in the field of Trust, co-authoring over 20 papers on Trust over the last two years.

"…a useful addition to the library of all those that work in electronic commerce, whether they are technologists or business professionals. Its comprehensiveness and easy-to-follow narrative will be helpful in many projects." (Computing Reviews.com, October 10, 2006) "…this book addresses important issues relative to the creation of confidence in both human/users (agents) and hardware/software systems (objects)." (Ubiquity, August 1, 2006)

• Preface xviiAuthor Introduction xxiAcknowledgement xxiii1 Trust and Security in Service-oriented Environments 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Why Trust? 11.3 Trust and Security 31.4 Service-oriented Environment 61.5 Agents in Service-oriented Environments 91.6 Business in a Service-oriented Environment 111.7 Infrastructure in Service-oriented Environments 131.8 Technology in Service-oriented Environments 151.9 Trust in Service-oriented Environments 221.10 Chapter Summary 232 Trust Concepts and Trust Model 252.1 Introduction 252.2 Trust Environments 252.3 Trust Definitions in Literature 262.4 Advanced Trust Concepts 272.5 Trust Relationships 332.6 Trust Relationship Diagram 352.7 Trust Attributes and Methods 382.8 Initiation of the Relationship 392.9 The Trust Model 412.10 Chapter Summary 413 Trustworthiness 453.1 Introduction 453.2 Trustworthiness in Literature 453.3 Advanced Trustworthiness Definition 463.4 Seven Levels of the Trustworthiness 483.5 Semantics Representation and Postulates for Trustworthiness Levels 523.6 Trustworthiness Measure and Prediction 583.7 Challenges in Trustworthiness Measure and Prediction 593.8 Chapter Summary 614 Trust Ontology for Service-Oriented Environment 654.1 Introduction 654.2 Ontology 664.3 Hierarchy of Trust Concepts 714.4 Hierarchy of Agents, Service and Product Concepts 714.5 Hierarchy of Context and Association with Quality Assessment Criteria 744.6 Agent Trust Ontology 764.7 Service Trust Ontology 844.8 Product Trust Ontology 964.9 Trust Databases 1024.10 Summary 1065 The Fuzzy and Dynamic Nature of Trust 1095.1 Introduction 1095.2 Existing Literature 1105.3 Fuzzy and Dynamic Characteristics of Trust 1105.4 Endogenous and Exogenous Characteristics of Agents 1185.5 Reasoning the Fuzziness and Dynamism 1225.6 Managing the Fuzziness of Trust 1265.7 Managing the Dynamism of Trust 1265.8 Summary 1286 Trustworthiness Measure with CCCI 1316.1 Introduction 1316.2 Trustworthiness Measure Methodology 1316.3 CCCI Metrics 1376.4 The Commitment to the Criterion – Commitcriterion 1406.5 Clarity of a Criterion – Clearcriterion 1426.6 Influence of a Criterion – Infcriterion 1456.7 Correlation of Defined Quality – Corrqualities 1486.8 Trustworthiness Values and Corrqualities 1516.9 Summary 1537 Trustworthiness Systems 1557.1 Introduction 1557.2 Amazon's Trustworthiness Systems 1557.3 Yahoo's Trustworthiness Systems 1587.4 Epinions.com's Trustworthiness System 1617.5 eBay.com's Trustworthiness Systems 1657.6 BizRate.com's Trustworthiness Systems 1677.7 CNet.com's Trustworthiness Systems 1697.8 Review of Trustworthiness Systems 1737.9 CCCI for Trustworthiness of E-service 1757.10 Summary 1818 Reputation Concepts and the Reputation Model 1838.1 Introduction 1838.2 Reputation in Literature 1848.3 Advanced Reputation Concepts 1848.4 Reputation Relationship 1918.5 Recommendation Trust Relationship 1948.6 Third-party Trust Relationship 1978.7 Reputation Query Relationship 1998.8 Trustworthiness of Third-party Recommendation Agents 2028.9 Trustworthiness of the Opinion 2098.10 Reputation Model and Reputation Relationship Diagrams 2148.11 Conclusion 2189 Reputation Ontology 2219.1 Introduction 2219.2 Reputation Ontology 2219.3 Basic and Advanced Reputation Ontology 2279.4 Trustworthiness of Opinion Ontology 2299.5 Ontology for Reputation of an Agent 2319.6 Ontology for Reputation of Service 2329.7 Ontology for Reputation of a Product 2329.8 Reputation Databases 2339.9 Seven Levels of Reputation Measurement 2359.10 The Fuzzy Nature of Reputation 2409.11 The Dynamic Nature of Reputation 2429.12 Conclusion 24410 Reputation Calculation Methodologies 24710.1 Introduction 24710.2 Methods for Synthesising the Reputation from Recommendations 24810.3 Factors and Features that need to be Considered 24810.4 Deterministic Approach to Reputation Calculation 25010.5 Adjusting the Trustworthiness of Opinions 25210.6 Bayesian Approach 25610.7 Fuzzy System Approach 26010.8 Summary 26411 Reputation Systems 26511.1 Introduction 26511.2 Reshaping e-Business with Reputation Technology 26511.4 BizRate.com 26811.5 Elance.com 27011.6 Alibris.com 27211.7 MoneyControl.com 27311.8 Yahoo.com 27511.9 Epinions.com 27711.10 eBay.com 27811.11 CNET.com 27911.12 MovieLens Recommendation Systems 28311.13 Review of Reputation Systems 28411.14 Summary 285WEBSITES 28512 Trust and Reputation Prediction 28712.1 Introduction 28712.2 Considerations in Trustworthiness Prediction 28712.3 Example – Logistics Service 29212.4 Prediction Methods 29712.5 Exponential Smoothing 29812.6 Markov Approach Plus Trend and Seasonality 30212.7 Rejustification of Third-Party Recommender's Trust Value 30612.8 Summary 30713 Trust and Reputation Modeling 30913.1 Introduction 30913.2 Significance of Pictorial Modeling 30913.3 Notation Systems 31113.4 Trust Relationship Diagrams 31413.5 Trust Case Diagrams 31613.6 Trust Class Diagrams 32113.7 Trust Transition Diagrams 32713.8 Conclusion 33014 The Vision of Trust and Reputation Technology 33314.1 Introduction 33314.2 Business Intelligence 33314.3 Traditional IT and New-age Digital Ecosystems and Technology 33614.4 Trust and Reputation – An example of Digital Ecosystem and Technology 33814.5 Future Research and Development 34214.6 The Vision and Conclusion 343References 344Index 345