Preventing Harmful Substance Use

Paul J. Gruenewald is a Senior Research Scientist and Scientific Director of Prevention Research Center (PRC) in Berkeley, California, a division of the US-based Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE). Research at PIRE is funded by games and contracts from the National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, and other national, state, local and private funding agencies. Dr. Gruenewald is Principal Investigator of a Center grant funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to study 'Environmental Approaches to Prevention', and a Merit award recipient for his studies of “Alcohol Outlets and Violence.Wendy Loxley is an Associate Professor at the National Drug Research Institute, at Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia, where she ahs been employed for fifteen years. Much of her early research career was concerned with addressing the risk of blood-borne viruses to Australian injecting drug users, and she has been involved in a number of large quantitative studies exploring this issue. Other research experiences include monitoring illicit drug use among police detainees, the evaluation of community-based approaches to drug law enforcement, and the use of testing and vaccination to prevent hepatitis C and other blood-borne viruses among injectors.Tim Stockwell is currently Director of the Centre for Addictions Research of BC, Canada, and, until mid-2004, was Director of Australia’s National Drug Research Institute based at Curtin University in Western Australia. He recently co-edited the critically acclaimed Wiley book International Handbook of Alcohol Dependence and Problems with Nick Heather and Tim Peter. He has published widely in the field of addiction studies and has particular expertise in the areas of alcohol and other drug epidemiology and prevention policy.John Winston Toumbourou is Associated Professor at the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, and a Senior Researchers at the Center for Adolescent Health, within the Murdoch Children's Research Institute. John is a founding member and the past Chair of the College of Health Psychologists within the Australian Psychological Society. He is a Principal Investigator on a number of studies investigating healthy youth development, including the Australian Temperament Project, and the International Youth Development study.

"...recommend this volume to anyone with an interest in preventing...substance abuse." (Addiction, June 2006)

• About the Editors ixContributors xiPreface xvAcknowledgements xviiSECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1Editors: Tim Stockwell, Paul J. Gruenewald, John W. Toumbourou and Wendy Loxley1.1 Preventing Risky Drug Use and Related Harms: The Need for a Synthesis of New Knowledge 3Tim Stockwell, Paul J. Gruenewald, John W. Toumbourou and Wendy LoxleySECTION 2 PATTERNS OF RISK AND RELATED HARMS 17Editor: Tim Stockwell2.1 Introduction 19Tim Stockwell2.2 The Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drugs 25Jurgen Rehm and Robin Room2.3 Substance Use and Mental Health in Longitudinal Perspective 43Maree Teesson, Louisa Degenhardt, Wayne Hall, Michael Lynskey, John W. Toumbourou and George Patton2.4 Predicting Developmentally Harmful Substance Use 53John W. Toumbourou and Richard F. Catalano2.5 Population Ecologies of Drug Use, Drinking and Related Problems 67Elizabeth LaScala, Bridget Freisthler and Paul J. GruenewaldSECTION 3 INTERVENTIONS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 79Editor: John W. Toumbourou3.1 Introduction 81John W. Toumbourou3.2 What Do We Know about Preventing Drug-Related Harm through Social Developmental Intervention with Children and Young People? 87John W. Toumbourou, Jo Williams, Elizabeth Waters and George Patton3.3 The Evidence Base for School Drug Education Interventions 101Nyanda McBride3.4 Alcohol Policy and Youth Drinking: Overview of Effective Interventions for Young People 113Joel W. Grube and Peter Nygaard3.5 Testing a Community Prevention Focused Model of Coalition Functioning and Sustainability: A Comprehensive Study of Communities That Care in Pennsylvania 129Mark T. Greenberg, Mark E. Feinberg, Brendan J. Gomez and D. Wayne OsgoodSECTION 4 INTERVENTIONS IN THE COMMUNITY: ILLUSTRATIVE CASE STUDIES 143Editor: Paul J. Gruenewald4.1 Introduction 145Paul J. Gruenewald4.2 Community Systems and Ecologies of Drug and Alcohol Problems 149Harold D. Holder, Andrew Treno and David Levy4.3 Violence Prevention in Licensed Premises 163Ben Haines and Kathryn Graham4.4 Application of Evidence-Based Approaches to Community Interventions 177Andrew J. Treno, Juliet P. Lee, Bridget Freisthler, Lillian G. Remer and Paul J. Gruenewald4.5 Preventing Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in the Workplace 191Richard Midford, Fredrik Welander and Steve Allsop4.6 Effects of a Community Action Program on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption at Licensed Premises 207Eva Wallin and Sven Andreasson4.7 Strategies for Community-Based Drug Law Enforcement: From Prohibition to Harm Reduction 225Christopher Canty, Adam Sutton and Stephen JamesSECTION 5 LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY PERSPECTIVES ON THE PREVENTION OF RISKY DRUG USE AND HARM 237Editor: Wendy Loxley5.1 Introduction 239Wendy Loxley5.2 Regulating Tobacco to Minimise Harms 245Jonathan Liberman and Ron Borland5.3 Intelligence-Led Regulation of Licensed Premises 257Neil Donnelly and Suzanne Briscoe5.4 Deterrence Theory and the Limitations of Criminal Penalties for Cannabis Use 267Simon Lenton5.5 Interventions for Illicit Drug Users Within the Criminal Justice System: AReview of Some Programmes in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States 279Wendy Loxley5.6 Social Ecology and the Invention of New Regulatory Strategies for Preventing Drug and Alcohol Problems 291Bridget Freisthler and Paul J. GruenewaldSECTION 6 THE EVIDENCE BASE FOR PREVENTION IN BROAD PERSPECTIVE 307Editor: Paul J. Gruenewald6.1 Introduction 309Paul J. Gruenewald6.2 Whatis "Evidence", and Can We Provide It? 313Robert F. Saltz6.3 US Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don't Know Keeps Hurting us--A Perspective on Future Research Needs 325James C. Anthony6.4 Preventing Tobacco Use and Harm: What Is Evidence Based Policy? 337Sandra Younie, Michelle Scollo, David Hill and Ron Borland6.5 Moving Toward a Common Evidence Base for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Policy 351Harold D. Holder and Andrew J. Treno6.6 The Evidence Base for Preventing the Spread of Blood-Borne Diseases within and from Populations of Injecting Drug Users 367Marcia Russell and Susan Carruthers6.7 The Evidence Base for Responding to Substance Misuse in Indigenous Minority Populations 381Dennis Gray and Sherry SaggersSECTION 7 FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR PREVENTION POLICY AND RESEARCH 395Editor: Tim Stockwell7.1 Introduction 397Tim Stockwell7.2 Investing for Cost-Effectiveness in the Face of Uncertainty: Applying Financial Portfolio Optimization to Prevention Programming 401Jonathan P. Caulkins7.3 How Should Governments Spend the Drug Prevention Dollar?: ABuyer's Guide 415Ted R. Miller and Delia Hendrie7.4 Key Moments in the Ethnography of Drug-Related Harm: Reality Checks for Policy-Makers? 433David Moore7.5 Recommendations for New Directions in the Prevention of Risky Substance Use and Related Harms 443Tim Stockwell, Paul J. Gruenewald, John W. Toumbourou and Wendy LoxleyIndex 465