Printed Antennas for Wireless Communications

Rod Waterhouse received his BEng, MS, and PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Queensland, Australia, in 1987, 1989, and 1994, respectively, In 1994 he joined RMIT university as a lecturer and become a Senior Lecturer in 1997 and an Associate Professor in 2002. In 2001 he took a leave of absence from RMIT and joined the venture-backed Dorsal Networks, which was later acquired by Corvis. In 2003 he left Corvis and resigned from his position at RMIT and worked for Photonic Systems Inc. as a principal engineer. In 2004 he cofounded Pharad, a broadband wireless communications company, where he is now a Vice President. His 2003 book on printed antenna design follow more than 200 publications and ten patent applications in the field of antennas, electromagnetic, microwave, and photonics engineering. Dr. Waterhouse is an associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. He chaired the IEEE Victorian MTTs/APS Chapter from 1998 to 2001. Dr Waterhouse is an adjunct Senior Fellow within the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Melbourne. In 2000 he received an IEEE Third Millennium Medal for Outstanding Achievements and Contributions.

"It was very rewarding to read the whole book, and see the development and interplay of ideas … will stimulate your thinking and improve your designs. This book is a useful addition to my library." (IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, October 2008)

• About the Editor xiiiList of Contributors xvPreface xix1 Wireless Systems and Printed Antennas 1Rod Waterhouse and Dalma Novak1.1 Introduction 11.2 Examples of Wireless Systems 31.3 New Wireless Platforms 131.4 Antenna Requirements 161.5 Fundamental Printed Antennas 191.6 Outline of the Book 33References 34Part I Fundamental Wideband Printed Antennas for Wireless Systems 372 Multilayered Patch Antennas 39Wayne S. T. Rowe2.1 Introduction 392.2 Types of Multilayered Patch Antennas 402.3 Design Trends of Multilayered Patch Antennas 412.4 Analysis of Layered Structures 562.5 Summary 67References 673 Printed Quasi-Yagi Antennas 69Kevin M. K. H. Leong and Tatsuo Itoh3.1 Introduction 693.2 Quasi-Yagi Antenna Element 693.3 CPW-fed and CB-CPW-Fed Quasi-Yagi Antennas 783.4 Quasi-Yagi Antenna Arrays 873.5 Active Antennas with Quasi-Yagi Radiators 983.6 Summary 100Acknowledgements 100References 1004 Printed Spiral Antennas 103Chi-Chih Chen and John Volakis4.1 Introduction and Historical Overview 1034.2 Spiral Antenna Fundamentals 1054.3 Effect of Ground-Plane Backing 1144.4 Spiral Antenna Miniaturization using Slow Wave Treatments 1164.5 Integration of Dielectric and Inductive Loadings 1284.6 Summary 129References 1295 Printed Folded Beverage Antennas 133Rod Waterhouse and Dalma Novak5.1 Introduction 1335.2 Proposed Antenna Configuration and General Characteristics 1355.3 Design Trends 1405.4 Low-Profile, Constrained Area Design 1425.5 Three-Dimensional, Constrained Area Design 1515.6 Summary 158Acknowledgements 158References 1596 Printed Tapered Slot Antennas 161Amin M. Abbosh, Marek E. Bialkowski and Hing K. Kan6.1 Introduction 1616.2 Types of Tapered Slot Antennas 1626.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tapered Slot Antennas 1656.4 Theoretical Models for Tapered Slot Antennas 1666.5 Parametric Study of Tapered Slot Antennas 1686.6 Design of Tapered Slot Antennas 1766.7 Feeding Procedures for Tapered Slot Antennas 1816.8 Arrays of Tapered Slot Antennas 1866.9 Applications of Tapered Slot Antennas 1896.10 Summary 193References 193Part II Small Printed Antennas for Wireless Systems 1957 Planar Inverted-F Antennas 197Peter S. Hall, E. Lee and C. T. P. Song7.1 Introduction 1977.2 Single-Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antennas 1997.3 Multiple-Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antennas 2037.4 Reduced-Size Planar Inverted-F Antennas 2097.5 Switched-Band Planar Inverted-F Antennas 2147.6 Applications of Planar Inverted-F Antennas 2187.7 Summary 224References 2248 Small Patch-Based Antennas 229Hing K. Kan, Rod Waterhouse, Dean Pavlickovski and Andrew Y. J. Lee8.1 Introduction 2298.2 Microstrip Patch Antennas 2308.3 Variations of the Shorted Patch Antenna 2348.4 Dual-Frequency Shorted Patch Antennas 2398.5 Low Cross-Polarized Antennas 2478.6 Summary 253References 2539 Small Multiband Printed Monopole Antennas 257Karu Esselle and Yuehe Ge9.1 Introduction 2579.2 Dual-Arm Printed Monopole Antennas 2589.3 A Dual-Arm CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna 2629.4 Three-Arm Printed Monopole Antennas 2669.5 Multiband Printed Spiral Monopole Antennas 2709.6 A Surface-Mount Monopole Antenna 2759.7 Summary 278References 27810 Printed Antennas in Packages 281Jennifer T. Bernhard10.1 Introduction 28110.2 Effects of the Embedded Environment on Printed Antennas 28210.3 Examples of Other Work on Printed Antennas in Packages 28510.4 Design Methods for Antennas and Antenna Placement in Packages 28910.5 Directions for Future Work in this Area 29110.6 Summary 294References 294Part III Advanced Concepts and Applications in Wireless Systems 29711 Printed Reflectarray Antennas 299Marek E. Bialkowski, Jose A. Encinar, J. A. Zornoza-Ramirez and F. C.-E. Tsai11.1 Introduction 29911.2 Principles of Operation 30111.3 Phasing Methods 30211.4 Single-Beam Reflectarray Design 31211.5 Shaped-Beam Reflectarrays 31811.6 Multibeam Reflectarrays 32311.7 Folded Reflector Antennas 32511.8 Summary 327Acknowledgements 327References 32712 Antennas on Artificial Magnetic Conductors and Other Impedance Surfaces 331Daniel F. Sievenpiper12.1 Introduction 33112.2 High-Impedance Surfaces 33212.3 Surface Wave Bands 33312.4 Reflection Phase 33612.5 Bandwidth 33712.6 Antennas on High-Impedance Surfaces 33912.7 Diffraction Control 33912.8 Tunable Impedance Surfaces 34312.9 Holographic Artificial Impedance Surfaces 34512.10 Summary 351References 35213 Transceiver Architectures for Highly Integrated RF Front-Ends 355Sanjay Raman and Richard M. Svitek13.1 Introduction 35513.2 Wireless System-on-a-Chip 35613.3 Receiver Architectures 35813.4 Transmitter Architectures 37113.5 Front-End–Antenna Interface and Integration Issues 37313.6 Summary 376References 37614 Frequency-Agile Antennas for a Software-Defined and Cognitive Radio 379J. T. Aberle, S.-H. Oh and G. A. Taylor14.1 Introduction 37914.2 Two-Port Representation of an Antenna 38114.3 Automatic Antenna Tuning Unit (AATU) 38514.4 AATU Prototype and Test Setup 40114.5 Summary 404References 40415 Antenna Evaluation for Communications with Diversity/MIMO 407Rodney Vaughan15.1 Introduction 40715.2 Basic Antenna Parameters and Evaluation with Ideal Point-to-Point 41015.3 Noise 42715.4 Gain Factors for Non-Line-of-Sight 42915.5 Summary 443Acknowledgement 444References 444Index 447