Laios Hanzo, Universitv of Southamoton, UKLajos Hanzo is currently chair of Telecommunications at University of Southampton in the department of Electronics and Computer Science. He has held various research and academic posts in Hungary, Germany and the UK over his 30-year career in communications. The author of over 600 research papers and co-author of over 30 books Hanzo is also an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer of the Communications Society and the Vehicular Technology Society and Governor of the IEEE VT Society. Dr. Peter J. Cherriman, University of Southampton, UKPeter Cherriman is currently at the University of Southampton. He is also working on projects for the Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence, U.K. His current areas of research include robust video coding, microcellular radio systems, power control, dynamic channel allocation, and multiple access protocols. Dr. Jurgen Streit, University of Southampton, UKJurgen Streit is also at the University of Southampton, working with the Mobile Multimedia Communications Research Group. He is also a software consultant.

• About the Authors xviiOther Wiley and IEEE Press Books on Related Topics xixPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxiii1 Introduction 11.1 A Brief Introduction to Compression Theory 11.2 Introduction to Video Formats 21.3 Evolution of Video Compression Standards 51.4 Video Communications 151.5 Organization of the Monograph 17I Video Codecs for HSDPA-style Adaptive Videophones 192 Fractal Image Codecs 212.1 Fractal Principles 212.2 One-dimensional Fractal Coding 232.3 Error Sensitivity and Complexity 322.4 Summary and Conclusions 333 Low Bitrate DCT Codecs and HSDPA-style Videophone Transceivers 353.1 Video Codec Outline 353.2 The Principle of Motion Compensation 373.3 Transform Coding 513.4 The Codec Outline 583.5 Initial Intra-frame Coding 603.6 Gain-controlled Motion Compensation 603.7 TheMCER Active/Passive Concept 613.8 Partial Forced Update of  the Reconstructed FrameBuffers 623.9 The Gain/Cost-controlled Inter-frame Codec 643.10 The Bit-allocation Strategy 663.11 Results 673.12 DCT Codec Performance under Erroneous Conditions 703.13 DCT-based Low-rate Video Transceivers 723.14 System Performance 803.15 Summary and Conclusions 894 Very Low Bitrate VQ Codecs and HSDPA-style Videophone Transceivers 934.1 Introduction 934.2 The Codebook Design 934.3 The Vector Quantizer Design 954.4 Performance under Erroneous Conditions 1054.5 VQ-based Low-rate Video Transceivers 1074.6 System Performance 1134.7 Joint Iterative Decoding of Trellis-based Vector-quantized Video and TCM 1184.8 Summary and Conclusions 1365 Low Bitrate Quad-tree-based Codecs and HSDPA-style Videophone Transceivers 1395.1 Introduction 1395.2 Quad-tree Decomposition 1395.3 Quad-tree Intensity Match 1425.4 Model-based Parametric Enhancement 1485.5 The Enhanced QTCodec 1535.6 Performance and Considerations under Erroneous Conditions 1545.7 QT-codec-based Video Transceivers 1585.8 QT-based Video-transceiver Performance 1625.9 Summary of QT-based Video Transceivers 1655.10 Summary of Low-rate Video Codecs and Transceivers 166II High-resolution Video Coding 1716 Low-complexity Techniques 1736.1 Differential Pulse Code Modulation 1736.2 Block Truncation Coding 1776.3 Subband Coding 1836.4 Summary and Conclusions 2027 High-resolution DCT Coding 2057.1 Introduction 2057.2 Intra-frame Quantizer Training 2057.3 Motion Compensation for High-quality Images 2097.4 Inter-frame DCT Coding 2157.5 The Proposed Codec 2247.6 Summary and Conclusions 235III H.261, H.263, H.264, MPEG2 and MPEG4 for HSDPA-style Wireless Video Telephony and DVB 2378 H.261 for HSDPA-style Wireless Video Telephony 2398.1 Introduction 2398.2 TheH.261VideoCoding Standard 2398.3 Effect of Transmission Errors on theH.261Codec 2538.4 A Reconfigurable Wireless Videophone System 2728.5 H.261-basedWireless Videophone System Performance 2838.6 Summary and Conclusions 2939 Comparative Study of the H.261 and H.263 Codecs 2959.1 Introduction 2959.2 TheH.263CodingAlgorithms 2979.3 Performance Results 3189.4 Summary and Conclusions 33510 H.263 for HSDPA-style Wireless Video Telephony 33910.1 Introduction 33910.2 H.263inaMobileEnvironment 33910.3 Design of an Error-resilient Reconfigurable Videophone System 34310.4 H.263-based Video System Performance 35210.5 Transmission Feedback 36710.6 Summary and Conclusions 37611 MPEG-4 Video Compression 37911.1 Introduction 37911.2 OverviewofMPEG-4 38011.3 MPEG-4: Content-based Interactivity 38711.4 Scalability of Video Objects 39611.5 Video Quality Measures 39811.6 Effect of Coding Parameters 40011.7 Summary and Conclusion 40412 Comparative Study of the MPEG-4 and H.264 Codecs 40712.1 Introduction 40712.2 TheITU-TH.264Project 40712.3 H.264VideoCodingTechniques 40812.4 H.264SpecificCodingAlgorithm 41012.5 Comparative Study of theMPEG-4 and H.264 Codecs 42512.6 Performance Results 42813 MPEG-4 Bitstream and Bit-sensitivity Study 43713.1 Motivation 43713.2 Structure of Coded Visual Data 43713.3 Visual Bitstream Syntax 44013.4 Introduction to Error-resilient Video Encoding 44113.5 Error-resilient Video Coding in MPEG-4 44113.6 Error-resilience Tools in MPEG-4 44313.7 MPEG-4Bit-sensitivityStudy 44813.8 Chapter Conclusions 45714 HSDPA-like and Turbo-style Adaptive Single- and Multi-carrier Video Systems 45914.1 Turbo-equalized H.263-based Videophony for GSM/GPRS 45914.2 HSDPA-style Burst-by-burst Adaptive CDMA Videophony: Turbo-coded Burst-by-burst Adaptive Joint Detection CDMA and H.263-based Videophony 47214.3 Subband-adaptive Turbo-coded OFDM-based Interactive Videotelephony 48514.4 Burst-by-burst Adaptive Decision Feedback Equalized TCM, TTCM, and BICM for H.263-assistedWireless Videotelephony 50614.5 Turbo-detected MPEG-4 Video Using Multi-level Coding, TCM and STTC 52614.6 Near-capacity Irregular Variable Length Codes 54314.7 Digital Terrestrial Video Broadcasting for Mobile Receivers 55814.8 Satellite-based Video Broadcasting 60114.9 Summary and Conclusions 62214.10WirelessVideoSystemDesignPrinciples 623Glossary 625Bibliography 635Index 659Author Index 667

Laios Hanzo, Universitv of Southamoton, UKLajos Hanzo is currently chair of Telecommunications at University of Southampton in the department of Electronics and Computer Science. He has held various research and academic posts in Hungary, Germany and the UK over his 30-year career in communications. The author of over 600 research papers and co-author of over 30 books Hanzo is also an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer of the Communications Society and the Vehicular Technology Society and Governor of the IEEE VT Society. Dr. Peter J. Cherriman, University of Southampton, UKPeter Cherriman is currently at the University of Southampton. He is also working on projects for the Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence, U.K. His current areas of research include robust video coding, microcellular radio systems, power control, dynamic channel allocation, and multiple access protocols. Dr. Jurgen Streit, University of Southampton, UKJurgen Streit is also at the University of Southampton, working with the Mobile Multimedia Communications Research Group. He is also a software consultant.

• About the Authors xviiOther Wiley and IEEE Press Books on Related Topics xixPreface xxiAcknowledgments xxiii1 Introduction 11.1 A Brief Introduction to Compression Theory 11.2 Introduction to Video Formats 21.3 Evolution of Video Compression Standards 51.4 Video Communications 151.5 Organization of the Monograph 17I Video Codecs for HSDPA-style Adaptive Videophones 192 Fractal Image Codecs 212.1 Fractal Principles 212.2 One-dimensional Fractal Coding 232.3 Error Sensitivity and Complexity 322.4 Summary and Conclusions 333 Low Bitrate DCT Codecs and HSDPA-style Videophone Transceivers 353.1 Video Codec Outline 353.2 The Principle of Motion Compensation 373.3 Transform Coding 513.4 The Codec Outline 583.5 Initial Intra-frame Coding 603.6 Gain-controlled Motion Compensation 603.7 TheMCER Active/Passive Concept 613.8 Partial Forced Update of  the Reconstructed FrameBuffers 623.9 The Gain/Cost-controlled Inter-frame Codec 643.10 The Bit-allocation Strategy 663.11 Results 673.12 DCT Codec Performance under Erroneous Conditions 703.13 DCT-based Low-rate Video Transceivers 723.14 System Performance 803.15 Summary and Conclusions 894 Very Low Bitrate VQ Codecs and HSDPA-style Videophone Transceivers 934.1 Introduction 934.2 The Codebook Design 934.3 The Vector Quantizer Design 954.4 Performance under Erroneous Conditions 1054.5 VQ-based Low-rate Video Transceivers 1074.6 System Performance 1134.7 Joint Iterative Decoding of Trellis-based Vector-quantized Video and TCM 1184.8 Summary and Conclusions 1365 Low Bitrate Quad-tree-based Codecs and HSDPA-style Videophone Transceivers 1395.1 Introduction 1395.2 Quad-tree Decomposition 1395.3 Quad-tree Intensity Match 1425.4 Model-based Parametric Enhancement 1485.5 The Enhanced QTCodec 1535.6 Performance and Considerations under Erroneous Conditions 1545.7 QT-codec-based Video Transceivers 1585.8 QT-based Video-transceiver Performance 1625.9 Summary of QT-based Video Transceivers 1655.10 Summary of Low-rate Video Codecs and Transceivers 166II High-resolution Video Coding 1716 Low-complexity Techniques 1736.1 Differential Pulse Code Modulation 1736.2 Block Truncation Coding 1776.3 Subband Coding 1836.4 Summary and Conclusions 2027 High-resolution DCT Coding 2057.1 Introduction 2057.2 Intra-frame Quantizer Training 2057.3 Motion Compensation for High-quality Images 2097.4 Inter-frame DCT Coding 2157.5 The Proposed Codec 2247.6 Summary and Conclusions 235III H.261, H.263, H.264, MPEG2 and MPEG4 for HSDPA-style Wireless Video Telephony and DVB 2378 H.261 for HSDPA-style Wireless Video Telephony 2398.1 Introduction 2398.2 TheH.261VideoCoding Standard 2398.3 Effect of Transmission Errors on theH.261Codec 2538.4 A Reconfigurable Wireless Videophone System 2728.5 H.261-basedWireless Videophone System Performance 2838.6 Summary and Conclusions 2939 Comparative Study of the H.261 and H.263 Codecs 2959.1 Introduction 2959.2 TheH.263CodingAlgorithms 2979.3 Performance Results 3189.4 Summary and Conclusions 33510 H.263 for HSDPA-style Wireless Video Telephony 33910.1 Introduction 33910.2 H.263inaMobileEnvironment 33910.3 Design of an Error-resilient Reconfigurable Videophone System 34310.4 H.263-based Video System Performance 35210.5 Transmission Feedback 36710.6 Summary and Conclusions 37611 MPEG-4 Video Compression 37911.1 Introduction 37911.2 OverviewofMPEG-4 38011.3 MPEG-4: Content-based Interactivity 38711.4 Scalability of Video Objects 39611.5 Video Quality Measures 39811.6 Effect of Coding Parameters 40011.7 Summary and Conclusion 40412 Comparative Study of the MPEG-4 and H.264 Codecs 40712.1 Introduction 40712.2 TheITU-TH.264Project 40712.3 H.264VideoCodingTechniques 40812.4 H.264SpecificCodingAlgorithm 41012.5 Comparative Study of theMPEG-4 and H.264 Codecs 42512.6 Performance Results 42813 MPEG-4 Bitstream and Bit-sensitivity Study 43713.1 Motivation 43713.2 Structure of Coded Visual Data 43713.3 Visual Bitstream Syntax 44013.4 Introduction to Error-resilient Video Encoding 44113.5 Error-resilient Video Coding in MPEG-4 44113.6 Error-resilience Tools in MPEG-4 44313.7 MPEG-4Bit-sensitivityStudy 44813.8 Chapter Conclusions 45714 HSDPA-like and Turbo-style Adaptive Single- and Multi-carrier Video Systems 45914.1 Turbo-equalized H.263-based Videophony for GSM/GPRS 45914.2 HSDPA-style Burst-by-burst Adaptive CDMA Videophony: Turbo-coded Burst-by-burst Adaptive Joint Detection CDMA and H.263-based Videophony 47214.3 Subband-adaptive Turbo-coded OFDM-based Interactive Videotelephony 48514.4 Burst-by-burst Adaptive Decision Feedback Equalized TCM, TTCM, and BICM for H.263-assistedWireless Videotelephony 50614.5 Turbo-detected MPEG-4 Video Using Multi-level Coding, TCM and STTC 52614.6 Near-capacity Irregular Variable Length Codes 54314.7 Digital Terrestrial Video Broadcasting for Mobile Receivers 55814.8 Satellite-based Video Broadcasting 60114.9 Summary and Conclusions 62214.10WirelessVideoSystemDesignPrinciples 623Glossary 625Bibliography 635Index 659Author Index 667