Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems

Amirnaser Yazdani, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Western Ontario. Formerly, he was with Digital Predictive Systems (DPS) Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, active in the design and production of power converters for wind energy systems. Dr. Yazdani has more than ten years of industry experience in the design, modeling, and analysis of switching power converters and railway signaling systems. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada. Reza Iravani, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto. Dr. Iravani is a Fellow of the IEEE and a professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada.

• PREFACE xvACKNOWLEDGMENTS xviiACRONYMS xix1 Electronic Power Conversion 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Power-Electronic Converters and Converter Systems 11.3 Applications of Electronic Converters in Power Systems 31.4 Power-Electronic Switches 41.5 Classification of Converters 81.6 Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) 101.7 Basic Configurations 101.8 Scope of the Book 20PART I FUNDAMENTALS 212 DC/AC Half-Bridge Converter 232.1 Introduction 232.2 Converter Structure 232.3 Principles of Operation 252.4 Converter Switched Model 272.5 Converter Averaged Model 322.6 Nonideal Half-Bridge Converter 383 Control of Half-Bridge Converter 483.1 Introduction 483.2 AC-Side Control Model of Half-Bridge Converter 483.3 Control of Half-Bridge Converter 503.4 Feed-Forward Compensation 533.5 Sinusoidal Command Following 594 Space Phasors and Two-Dimensional Frames 694.1 Introduction 694.2 Space-Phasor Representation of a Balanced Three-Phase Function 704.3 Space-Phasor Representation of Three-Phase Systems 824.4 Power in Three-Wire Three-Phase Systems 884.5 αβ-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Signals and Systems 914.6 dq-Frame Representation and Control of Three-Phase Systems 1015 Two-Level, Three-Phase Voltage-Sourced Converter 1155.1 Introduction 1155.2 Two-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter 1155.3 Models and Control of Two-Level VSC 1195.4 Classification of VSC Systems 1256 Three-Level, Three-Phase, Neutral-Point Clamped, Voltage-Sourced Converter 1276.1 Introduction 1276.2 Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC 1286.3 PWM Scheme For Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC 1306.4 Switched Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC 1336.5 Averaged Model of Three-Level Half-Bridge NPC 1356.6 Three-Level NPC 1366.7 Three-Level NPC with Capacitive DC-Side Voltage Divider 1447 Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in αβ-Frame 1607.1 Introduction 1607.2 Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System 1607.3 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller 1617.4 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC 1817.5 Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port 1898 Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in dq-Frame 2048.1 Introduction 2048.2 Structure of Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System 2058.3 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller 2068.4 Current-Mode Control of Real-/Reactive-Power Controller 2178.5 Real-/Reactive-Power Controller Based on Three-Level NPC 2328.6 Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port 2349 Controlled-Frequency VSC System 2459.1 Introduction 2459.2 Structure of Controlled-Frequency VSC System 2469.3 Model of Controlled-Frequency VSC System 2479.4 Voltage Control 25310 Variable-Frequency VSC System 27010.1 Introduction 27010.2 Structure of Variable-Frequency VSC System 27010.3 Control of Variable-Frequency VSC System 273PART II APPLICATIONS 31111 Static Compensator (STATCOM) 31311.1 Introduction 31311.2 Controlled DC-Voltage Power Port 31311.3 STATCOM Structure 31411.4 Dynamic Model for PCC Voltage Control 31511.5 Approximate Model of PCC Voltage Dynamics 32111.6 STATCOM Control 32211.7 Compensator Design for PCC Voltage Controller 32411.8 Model Evaluation 32412 Back-to-Back HVDC Conversion System 33412.1 Introduction 33412.2 HVDC System Structure 33412.3 HVDC System Model 33612.4 HVDC System Control 34212.5 HVDC System Performance Under an Asymmetrical Fault 35313 Variable-SpeedWind-Power System 38513.1 Introduction 38513.2 Constant-Speed and Variable-Speed Wind-Power Systems 38513.3 Wind Turbine Characteristics 38813.4 Maximum Power Extraction from A Variable-Speed Wind-Power System 39013.5 Variable-Speed Wind-Power System Based on Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine 393APPENDIXA: Space-Phasor Representation of Symmetrical Three-Phase Electric Machines 413A.1 Introduction 413A.2 Structure of Symmetrical Three-Phase Machine 413A.3 Machine Electrical Model 414A.4 Machine Equivalent Circuit 418A.5 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) 421APPENDIX B: Per-Unit Values for VSC Systems 426B.1 Introduction 426REFERENCES 431INDEX 439