Enhancing Building Performance

THE EDITORS SHAUNA MALLORY-HILL, PhD, M. Arch, B.E.S., LEED AP BD+C is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Manitoba, Canada. With nearly two decades of research and teaching involvement in the discipline of building performance evaluation, she is the co-ordinator for the International Building Performance Evaluation research consortium which facilitates the work of BPE practitioners around the world. WOLFGANG F.E. PREISER, PhD, M.Arch, Dipl. -Ing is Professor Emeritus in the School of Architecture and Interior Design at the University of Cincinnati, USA. He has 35 years experience in teaching, research and consulting, lecturing around the world, and publishing 18 books. CHRISTOPHER WATSON, BSc, B.Arch, ANZIA, BOAQ is an Architect with considerable experience in evaluating a very wide range of building types in diverse situations.

• Contributors x Preface xxiAcknowledgements xxvForeword xxviiDuncan A. JoinerI Introduction: Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) Process Model 11 Introduction to Building Performance Evaluation: Milestones in Evolution 3Shauna Mallory-Hill, Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Chris Watson1.1 Enhancing building performance 31.2 Emergence of person-environment research 41.3 Maturation of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (1975–1985) 61.4 POE as a distinct discipline (1985–1995) 71.5 Feeding forward: from POE to BPE (1995–2005) 91.6 Ongoing global efforts in BPE (2005 +) 111.7 Conclusion 122 A Process Model for Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) 19Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Ulrich Schramm2.1 Introduction 192.2 Description of the process model for BPE 192.3 The performance concept and the building process 252.4 Conclusion 29II Design Processes and Evaluation 333 The Integrative Design Process 35Rodney C. McDonald and Sonja Persram3.1 Introduction 353.2 Origin, evolution and definitions of IDP 363.3 Highlights of others’ work: systems thinking in IDP and a unitive process 393.4 The means to motivation: engaging clients in sustainability prior to IDP 433.5 The integrative regulatory process 453.6 Conclusion 464 Participatory/Collaborative Design Process 48Henry Sanoff4.1 Introduction 484.2 Background 494.3 Community participation 514.4 Conclusion 575 Enhancing Design Programming: The Case of Detroit Collaborative Design Center and Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation 60Sheri Blake5.1 Introduction 605.2 Participatory design process and intent 615.3 Enhancing the process 695.4 Conclusions 726 Patterns in Post-Occupancy Evaluation 75Chris Watson6.1 Introduction 756.2 Principles 756.3 Communities of interest 776.4 Process 776.5 Evaluating environmental impact 786.6 Pattern language format 796.7 Recurring findings 796.8 Communicating stakeholders' experience of architecture 856.9 Conclusion 85III Case Studies 877 The Changing Meaning of Workspace: Planning Space and Technology in the Work Environment 89Jacqueline C. Vischer7.1 Introduction 897.2 The 'X' organization – building for the future 907.3 Involving users for better workspace design 917.4 Building and workspace outcomes 947.5 Conclusion 968 Programming Spaces for Innovation 98Martin Hodulak8.1 Introduction 988.2 Spaces for innovation 988.3 Understanding requirements 998.4 Analysis methods 1008.5 Key requirements for innovation spaces 1028.6 Conclusion 1079 Assessing Building Performance for Local Government Offices in Japan 109Akikazu Kato, Toru Ando and Mina Kitazawa9.1 Introduction 1099.2 Organizational development of the Mie Prefecture Government office 1109.3 Example of office layout changes 1109.4 Work style classification studies 1129.5 Analysis of worker activities 1149.6 Analysis of work style classifications 1169.7 Analysis of workers’ collaboration activities 1179.8 Relationships among work communication activities 1189.9 Conclusions 11810 Developing Occupancy Feedback to Improve Low Carbon Housing 120Fionn Stevenson10.1 Introduction 12010.2 Background 12010.3 A framework for evaluating interactive adaptability 12110.4 Low carbon home case study 12110.5 Where next? 12710.6 Conclusions 12811 Evaluating Federal Workplaces in the US: The Case of the General Services Administration 130Kevin Kelly11.1 Introduction 13011.2 Background 13011.3 Survey results 13311.4 Reflections on 'efficiency' and 'expression' 13511.5 Re-deploying the survey to measure post-occupancy success 13711.6 Conclusion 13712 Assessing Qatar University’s Campus Outdoor Spaces: Design Intentions Versus Users’ Reactions 139Ashraf M. Salama12.1 Introduction 13912.2 Overview of the literature on campus outdoor spaces 14012.3 Campus features – architect’s statements 14112.4 Assessing outdoor spaces: a multilayered methodology 14212.5 Key findings 14712.6 Conclusion 15013 Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) and the Role of Perceived Values in Heritage Preservation – A Research Case for Italy 152Carlotta Fontana13.1 Introduction 15213.2 Background 15213.3 A performance-based approach for sustainable reuse 15413.4 Counseling for communities: a performance-based approach at different scales 15413.5 Conclusions 161IV Research Methods and Tools 16514 Evaluating the Impact of Green Building on Worker Productivity and Health: A Literature Review 167Shauna Mallory-Hill and Anna Westlund14.1 Introduction 16714.2 Background 16814.3 Literature review method 16814.4 Performance indicators and data collection techniques 16914.5 Conclusions 17415 Quantitative (GIS) and Qualitative (BPE) Assessments of Library Performance 179Wolfgang F. E. Preiser and Xinhao Wang15.1 Introduction 17915.2 Background 17915.3 Project design and methodology 18015.4 Results 18315.5 Recommendations 18715.6 Conclusion 18816 Applying MAPLE/D and BPE to Complex Building Types 191Monika Schill-Fendl16.1 Introduction 19116.2 Background: the meta-method MAPLE/D 19116.3 Example: POE of a large-scale laboratory building complex 19916.4 Links between BPE and MAPLE/D 20116.5 Conclusion 20117 Stimulating Physically Active Behavior Through Good Building Design 203Edward Finch, Paul Wilson and Lindsey Dugdill17.1 Introduction 20317.2 The active imperative 20417.3 Servicescapes 20517.4 Layering of built environment solutions 20617.5 Evaluating the capacity of buildings to encourage physically active behavior 20917.6 Conclusion 21018 Evidence-Based Decision-Making on Office Accommodation: Accommodation Choice Model 213Theo J. M. van der Voordt, Yolanda M. D. Ikiz-Koppejan and Anca Gosselink18.1 Introduction 21318.2 Modeling accommodation processes 21318.3 Elaboration of the model 21518.4 Justification of the accommodation choice model 21918.5 Application in practice 21918.6 Conclusion 22119 Evaluation Through Computational Building Performance Simulation 223Jan L. M. Hensen19.1 Introduction 22319.2 Background 22319.3 Building performance simulation 22419.4 State-of-the-art 22619.5 Quality assurance of simulation based decisions 22919.6 Conclusion 23220 Incorporating Occupant Perceptions and Behavior into BIM 234Clinton J. Andrews, Jennifer A. Senick and Richard E. Wener20.1 Introduction 23420.2 BIM and the design process 23520.3 Linking BPE and BIM 23520.4 Simulating behavior 23620.5 Metrics 23820.6 Illustrative simulation model 23820.7 Conclusions: implications for emerging practice 244V Education 24721 Post-Occupancy Evaluation in Brazil: Its Impact on Professional Practice 249Sheila W. Ornstein, Rosaria Ono, César Imai, Ana J. G. Limongi França and Maria Beatriz Barbosa21.1 Introduction 24921.2 POE methodology 25021.3 Case studies 25221.4 Conclusions 25722 Building Performance Evaluation (BPE) in the Construction Project Management Curriculum 259Ulrich Schramm22.1 Introduction 25922.2 The school and its programs 25922.3 BPE in the curriculum 26122.4 Outline of selected lectures and seminars 26322.5 Employment opportunities 27222.6 Conclusions 27423 Evaluation Research and Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) in Architecture and Urbanism: Consumption Versus Production of Knowledge 277Ashraf M. Salama23.1 Introduction 27723.2 Idiosyncrasies on knowledge delivery and acquisition 27823.3 Evaluation research and inquiry based learning (IBL) 27923.4 Evaluation research: a paradigm for utilizing the built environment as an open textbook 28023.5 Conclusion: Evaluation research and seeking a new form of pedagogy 28424 Post Tower Evaluation: User-Needs Analysis (UNA) in German Student Education 286Rotraut Walden24.1 Introduction 28624.2 Background 28624.3 Prelminary studies 28724.4 Stakeholder questionnaire 28824.5 Data collection – the walkthrough 29224.6 Results 29224.7 Conclusions 29625 Ethnographic Methods in Support of Architectural Practice 299Eleftherios Pavlides and Galen Cranz25.1 Introduction 29925.2 The nature of the student research is ethnographic 30025.3 Two kinds of findings 30325.4 Benefits of student research projects 30725.5 Conclusion 310VI Epilogue 31326 Reflections on Stage M: The Dog that Didn’t Bark 315Francis Duffy26.1 Introduction 31526.2 Background 31526.3 Stage M feedback on meeting client objectives 31626.4 Conclusions 319Endnotes 319References 320Index 321