Dennis Patterson is Board of Governors Professor of Law and Philosophy, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. He is also Professor of Legal Philosophy at Surrey University Law School in Guildford, UK. He held the Chair in Legal Philosophy and Legal Theory at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy from 2009 - 2017. He has published widely in legal theory, commercial and trade law.Anna Södersten is Senior Researcher in Law (PhD) at the Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies (SIEPS) in Stockholm, Sweden. She has previously taught at the Law Department at Uppsala University, served as research associate at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence, and as associate editor of the International Journal of Constitutional Law.

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• Contributors viiiPreface xAbbreviations xiiPart I International Law and EU Law 11 Sui Generis? The European Union as an International Organization 3Jan Klabbers2 The Nature of International Law 16Anna Södersten and Dennis Patterson3 The Development of European Integration and EU Constitutional Reform 26Michael Dougan4 The Relationship between EU Law and International Law 42Katja S. Ziegler5 The Effect of EU Law 62Anthony ArnullPart II EU Political Institutions and Decision Making 816 EU Competences 83Paul Craig7 The Decision‐Making Process 95Bruno de Witte8 The European Union and Executive Power 109Deirdre Curtin9 New Modes of Governance 119Mark Dawson10 The European Union and Democracy 136John Erik FossumPart III The Court 15311 EU Procedural Law 155Andrea Biondi and Ravi Mehta12 The Court of Justice of the European Union as a Self‐Made Statesman 166Loïc Azoulai and Zane Rasnača13 The Preliminary Rulings Procedure 179Allan RosasPart IV Economic Dimensions of the European Union 19314 The Construction of the Internal Market 195Catherine Barnard15 The Free Movement of Goods 205Miguel Poiares Maduro and Pedro Caro de Sousa16 Freedom of Establishment 217Frank S. Benyon17 Free Movement of Capital 229Sideek M. Seyad18 The European Economic Constitution and its Transformation Through the Financial Crisis 242Christian Joerges19 European Private Law 262Hans‐Wolfgang Micklitz20 Consumer Protection 285Stephen Weatherill21 The Economic and Monetary Union 296Roland Bieber22 EU Competition Law in a Global Context 315Giorgio Monti23 EU State Aids Law 334Piet Jan Slot24 Statecraft, States, and the Regulation of Commerce 357Ari AfilaloPart V The European Union and the External World 37125 EU External Relations and the Law 373Marise Cremona26 Common Foreign, Security, and Defense Policy 394Ramses A. Wessel27 EU Law and International Humanitarian Law 413Marco Sassòli and Djemila Carron28 Emergence of EU Maritime Law 427Barış SoyerPart VI Human Rights, Social Issues, and the Environment 43929 International Human Rights Law 441Martin Scheinin30 The European Union and Human Rights 458Sionaidh Douglas‐Scott31 The European Union and Social Policy 479Silvana Sciarra32 EU Citizenship 491Elspeth Guild33 The International Law of Economic Migration 506Joel P. Trachtman34 EU Immigration and Asylum Law 519Steve Peers35 International Criminal Law 534Roger S. Clark36 EU Criminal Law 547Valsamis Mitsilegas37 EU Environmental Law 568Maria LeeIndex 588Table of Cases Alphabetical 598Table of Cases Numerical 608

Dennis Patterson is Board of Governors Professor of Law and Philosophy, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. He is also Professor of Legal Philosophy at Surrey University Law School in Guildford, UK. He held the Chair in Legal Philosophy and Legal Theory at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy from 2009 - 2017. He has published widely in legal theory, commercial and trade law.Anna Södersten is Senior Researcher in Law (PhD) at the Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies (SIEPS) in Stockholm, Sweden. She has previously taught at the Law Department at Uppsala University, served as research associate at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence, and as associate editor of the International Journal of Constitutional Law.

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• Contributors viiiPreface xAbbreviations xiiPart I International Law and EU Law 11 Sui Generis? The European Union as an International Organization 3Jan Klabbers2 The Nature of International Law 16Anna Södersten and Dennis Patterson3 The Development of European Integration and EU Constitutional Reform 26Michael Dougan4 The Relationship between EU Law and International Law 42Katja S. Ziegler5 The Effect of EU Law 62Anthony ArnullPart II EU Political Institutions and Decision Making 816 EU Competences 83Paul Craig7 The Decision‐Making Process 95Bruno de Witte8 The European Union and Executive Power 109Deirdre Curtin9 New Modes of Governance 119Mark Dawson10 The European Union and Democracy 136John Erik FossumPart III The Court 15311 EU Procedural Law 155Andrea Biondi and Ravi Mehta12 The Court of Justice of the European Union as a Self‐Made Statesman 166Loïc Azoulai and Zane Rasnača13 The Preliminary Rulings Procedure 179Allan RosasPart IV Economic Dimensions of the European Union 19314 The Construction of the Internal Market 195Catherine Barnard15 The Free Movement of Goods 205Miguel Poiares Maduro and Pedro Caro de Sousa16 Freedom of Establishment 217Frank S. Benyon17 Free Movement of Capital 229Sideek M. Seyad18 The European Economic Constitution and its Transformation Through the Financial Crisis 242Christian Joerges19 European Private Law 262Hans‐Wolfgang Micklitz20 Consumer Protection 285Stephen Weatherill21 The Economic and Monetary Union 296Roland Bieber22 EU Competition Law in a Global Context 315Giorgio Monti23 EU State Aids Law 334Piet Jan Slot24 Statecraft, States, and the Regulation of Commerce 357Ari AfilaloPart V The European Union and the External World 37125 EU External Relations and the Law 373Marise Cremona26 Common Foreign, Security, and Defense Policy 394Ramses A. Wessel27 EU Law and International Humanitarian Law 413Marco Sassòli and Djemila Carron28 Emergence of EU Maritime Law 427Barış SoyerPart VI Human Rights, Social Issues, and the Environment 43929 International Human Rights Law 441Martin Scheinin30 The European Union and Human Rights 458Sionaidh Douglas‐Scott31 The European Union and Social Policy 479Silvana Sciarra32 EU Citizenship 491Elspeth Guild33 The International Law of Economic Migration 506Joel P. Trachtman34 EU Immigration and Asylum Law 519Steve Peers35 International Criminal Law 534Roger S. Clark36 EU Criminal Law 547Valsamis Mitsilegas37 EU Environmental Law 568Maria LeeIndex 588Table of Cases Alphabetical 598Table of Cases Numerical 608

Dennis Patterson is Board of Governors Professor of Law and Philosophy, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA. He is also Professor of Legal Philosophy at Surrey University Law School in Guildford, UK. He held the Chair in Legal Philosophy and Legal Theory at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy from 2009 - 2017. He has published widely in legal theory, commercial and trade law.Anna Södersten is Senior Researcher in Law (PhD) at the Swedish Institute for European Policy Studies (SIEPS) in Stockholm, Sweden. She has previously taught at the Law Department at Uppsala University, served as research associate at the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence, and as associate editor of the International Journal of Constitutional Law.

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• Contributors viiiPreface xAbbreviations xiiPart I International Law and EU Law 11 Sui Generis? The European Union as an International Organization 3Jan Klabbers2 The Nature of International Law 16Anna Södersten and Dennis Patterson3 The Development of European Integration and EU Constitutional Reform 26Michael Dougan4 The Relationship between EU Law and International Law 42Katja S. Ziegler5 The Effect of EU Law 62Anthony ArnullPart II EU Political Institutions and Decision Making 816 EU Competences 83Paul Craig7 The Decision‐Making Process 95Bruno de Witte8 The European Union and Executive Power 109Deirdre Curtin9 New Modes of Governance 119Mark Dawson10 The European Union and Democracy 136John Erik FossumPart III The Court 15311 EU Procedural Law 155Andrea Biondi and Ravi Mehta12 The Court of Justice of the European Union as a Self‐Made Statesman 166Loïc Azoulai and Zane Rasnača13 The Preliminary Rulings Procedure 179Allan RosasPart IV Economic Dimensions of the European Union 19314 The Construction of the Internal Market 195Catherine Barnard15 The Free Movement of Goods 205Miguel Poiares Maduro and Pedro Caro de Sousa16 Freedom of Establishment 217Frank S. Benyon17 Free Movement of Capital 229Sideek M. Seyad18 The European Economic Constitution and its Transformation Through the Financial Crisis 242Christian Joerges19 European Private Law 262Hans‐Wolfgang Micklitz20 Consumer Protection 285Stephen Weatherill21 The Economic and Monetary Union 296Roland Bieber22 EU Competition Law in a Global Context 315Giorgio Monti23 EU State Aids Law 334Piet Jan Slot24 Statecraft, States, and the Regulation of Commerce 357Ari AfilaloPart V The European Union and the External World 37125 EU External Relations and the Law 373Marise Cremona26 Common Foreign, Security, and Defense Policy 394Ramses A. Wessel27 EU Law and International Humanitarian Law 413Marco Sassòli and Djemila Carron28 Emergence of EU Maritime Law 427Barış SoyerPart VI Human Rights, Social Issues, and the Environment 43929 International Human Rights Law 441Martin Scheinin30 The European Union and Human Rights 458Sionaidh Douglas‐Scott31 The European Union and Social Policy 479Silvana Sciarra32 EU Citizenship 491Elspeth Guild33 The International Law of Economic Migration 506Joel P. Trachtman34 EU Immigration and Asylum Law 519Steve Peers35 International Criminal Law 534Roger S. Clark36 EU Criminal Law 547Valsamis Mitsilegas37 EU Environmental Law 568Maria LeeIndex 588Table of Cases Alphabetical 598Table of Cases Numerical 608