Friedhelm Hillebrand, Managing Partner of Hillebrand & Partners Consulting Engineers, GermanyFred founded Hillebrand & Partners in 2001and prior to that he held leading positions in ETSI. From 1996-2000 he was Chairman of ETSI SMG responsible for all GSM and UMTS standardisation work (200 Plenary delegates, 10 sub committees, more than 1000 participants). Before that he was a Technical Executive at GSM MoU Association responsible for GSM and UMTS evolution and development strategy and GSM promotion at global level. He is described as one of the "Fathers of GSM".

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• Introduction xiii 1 Communication Networks in the Early 1980s and the Portfolio of GSM Services 1F. Hillebrand1.1 Station-to-station Morse Telegraphy, the Origin of All Modern Technical Text Communication 11.2 Network-based Communication Services in the Early 1980s 11.3 Services Portfolio of GSM 71.4 GSM Mobile Telephony and SMS – the Most Successful Telecommunication Services 122 Who Invented SMS? 15F. Hillebrand2.1 Introduction 152.2 Clarification of the Terms ‘Invention’ and ‘Innovation’ 152.3 Was SMS Invented during the ISDN Work? 162.4 Was SMS Invented by Test Engineers, Students or in a Pizzeria Session? 172.5 A Clarifying Discussion within the GSM Community in Spring 2009 182.6 Timetables of SMS Genesis 193 The Creation of the SMS Concept from Mid-1984 to Early 1987 23F. Hillebrand3.1 The Birth of the SMS Concept in the French and German Network Operators 233.2 The Standardisation of the SMS Concept in the GSM Committee from February 1985 to April 1987 343.3 The Acceleration of the GSM Project, Including SMS in 1987 424 The Technical Design of SMS in DGMH from June 1987 to October 1990 45F. Trosby4.1 Background 454.2 Some Personal Sentiments at the Start 464.3 The Instructions that IDEG Were Given for Provision of SMS 474.4 Overall Description of the Work in the Period from 1987 to 1990 and Work Items Dealt with 484.5 The SMS of September 1990 554.6 Major Design Issues 644.7 Final Remarks on the Period of the First Three Years of DGMH 714.8 Work on SMS in GSM Bodies Outside GSM4 724.9 Other Tasks of DGMH 735 The Evolution of SMS Features and Specifications from October 1990 to the End of 1996 75K. Holley5.1 Topics Discussed in this Chapter 765.2 Technical Improvements to SMS 1990-1996 775.3 Concluding Remarks on the SMS Period 1990-1996 976 The Evolution of SMS Features and Specifications from the Beginning of 1997 to Mid-2009 99I. Harris6.1 SIM Toolkit Data Download and Secure Messaging 1006.2 SMS Compression 1006.3 Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS) 1016.4 Voicemail Management 1036.5 Routers 1046.6 Language Tables 1056.7 Other Important Standards Work for SMS 1076.8 The End of an Era 1086.9 Further Reading 1097 Early Commercial Applications and Operational Aspects 111I. Harris7.1 Fixed-network Connection to the SMS-SC 1127.2 Network Operator Interworking, Roaming and Number Portability 1147.3 Third-party SMS-SCs 1157.4 Intelligent Terminal Connections to Mobile Phones 1167.5 SMS Keyboard Text Entry 1177.6 SMS to Fax and SMS to Email 1177.7 Two-way Real-time Messaging Applications 1197.8 Performance 1207.9 SMS Traffic Growth 1217.10 Billing 1227.11 The Content Provider Access (CPA) Model Deployed in Norway 1237.12 SMS in 2009 1238 Global Market Development 125F. Hillebrand8.1 The Creation of a Large Base of Mobiles and the Global SMS Infrastructure 1258.2 First Use of SMS by Network Operators 1268.3 How SMS Was Discovered by Young People and Became a Part of the Youth Culture and Widely Accepted 1268.4 SMS Has Become the Leading Mobile Messaging Service and Will Stay in the Lead in the Foreseeable Future 1279 Conclusions 131F. Hillebrand9.1 Factors that Were Critical for the Success of SMS 1319.2 Proposals for a Further Evolution of SMS: SMS Phase 3 1329.3 What Can be Learnt from SMS for Standardisation in Other Areas 133Annex 1 Abbreviations Used in Several Parts of the Book 135Annex 2 Sources for Quoted GSM Documents and Other Documents 139Annex 3 Meetings of IDEG/WP4/GSM4 and DGMH in the Period from May 1987 to September 1990 143Annex 4 DGMH Attendance in the Period from May 1987 to September 1990 145Annex 5 Meetings of GSM4/SMG 4 and DGMH in the Period from October 1990 to the End of 1996 147Annex 6 DGMH Attendance in the Period from October 1990 to the End of 1996 149Annex 7 Evolution of GSM Specification 03.40 157Annex 8 Literature 165Annex 9 Brief Biographies of the Authors 167Index 173