Mohammad Obaidat, Monmouth University, USAMohammad Obaidat received his Ph.D. and M. S. degrees in Computer Engineering with a minor in Computer Science from The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Dr. Obaidat is currently a full Professor of Computer Science at Monmouth University, NJ, USA. His research interests are: wireless communications and networks, pervasive computing, networking and communications, modeling and simulation, performance evaluation of computer systems, and telecommunications systems, security of computer and network systems, high performance computing/computers, applied neural networks and pattern recognition, security of e-based systems, and speech processing. Dr. Sudip Misra, the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaSudip Misra is an Assistant Professor in the School of Information Technology at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, and is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Carleton University, in Ottawa, Canada, and the masters and bachelor's degrees respectively from the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada, and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. His current research interests include algorithm design and engineering for telecommunication networks, software engineering for telecommunication applications, and computational intelligence and soft computing applications in telecommunications.

• About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xvii1 Introduction 1Mohammad S. Obaidat and Sudip Misra1.1 Major Features of the Book 41.2 Target Audience 41.3 Supplementary Resources 51.4 Acknowledgements 52 Fundamentals and Issues with Cooperation in Networking 7Mohammad S. Obaidat and Tarik Guelzim2.1 Introduction 72.2 Fundamentals of Cooperating Networks 72.2.1 Cooperative Adhoc Network Services 82.2.2 Cooperative Relaying Network Service 132.3 Issues and Security Flaws with Cooperating Networks:Wireless Sensor Networks Case Study 152.3.1 Limitations in Mobile Ad hoc Networks 162.4 Conclusions 19References 193 To Cooperate or Not to Cooperate? That is the Question! 21Mohamed H. Ahmed and Salama S. Ikki3.1 Introduction 213.2 Overview of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 223.2.1 Relaying Techniques 223.2.2 Combining Techniques 233.2.3 Other Cooperating Techniques 243.3 Benefits of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 253.3.1 Signal-Quality Improvement 253.3.2 Reduced Power 283.3.3 Better Coverage 283.3.4 Capacity Gain 283.4 Major Challenges of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 283.4.1 Resources Over-Utilization 283.4.2 Additional Delay 293.4.3 Complexity 303.4.4 Unavailability of Cooperating Nodes 323.4.5 Security Threats 323.5 Discussion and Conclusion 32References 334 Cooperation in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 35J. Barbancho, D. Cascado, J. L. Sevillano, C. León, A. Linares and F. J. Molina4.1 Introduction 354.2 Why Could Cooperation in WAdSN be Useful? 364.2.1 Time Synchronization, Localization and Calibration 364.2.2 Routing 414.2.3 Data Aggregation and Fusion 434.3 Research Directions for Cooperation in WAdSN 454.3.1 Middleware for WAdSN 464.3.2 Multi-Agent Systems in WAdSN 484.3.3 Artificial Neural Networks in WAdSN 504.4 Final Remarks 534.5 Acknowledgements 53References 535 Cooperation in Autonomous Vehicular Networks 57Sidi Mohammed Senouci, Abderrahim Benslimane and Hassnaa Moustafa5.1 Introduction 575.2 Overview on Vehicular Networks 585.3 Cooperation at Different OSI Layers 595.3.1 Cooperation at Lower Layers 595.3.2 Cooperation at Network Layer 605.3.3 Security and Authentication versus Cooperation 675.3.4 Cooperation at Upper Layers 695.4 Conclusion 73References 736 Cooperative Overlay Networking for Streaming Media Content 77F. Wang, J. Liu and K. Wu6.1 Introduction 776.2 Architectural Choices for Streaming Media Content over the Internet 786.2.1 Router-Based Architectures: IP Multicast 796.2.2 Architectures with Proxy Caching 806.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Architectures 816.3 Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming 826.3.1 Comparisons with Other Peer-to-Peer Applications 826.3.2 Design Issues 836.3.3 Approaches for Overlay Construction 836.4 Overview of mTreebone 856.4.1 Treebone: A Stable Tree-Based Backbone 856.4.2 Mesh: An Adaptive Auxiliary Overlay 866.5 Treebone Construction and Optimization 876.5.1 Optimal Stable Node Identification 876.5.2 Treebone Bootstrapping and Evolution 886.5.3 Treebone Optimization 896.6 Collaborative Mesh-Tree Data Delivery 916.6.1 Seamless Push/Pull Switching 916.6.2 Handling Host Dynamics 916.7 Performance Evaluation 926.7.1 Large-Scale Simulations 926.7.2 PlanetLab-Based Experiments 946.8 Conclusion and Future Work 98References 987 Cooperation in DTN-Based Network Architectures 101Vasco N. G. J. Soares and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Delay-Tolerant Networks 1027.2.1 DTN Application Domains 1037.2.2 Cooperation in Delay-Tolerant Networks 1037.3 Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks 1067.3.1 Cooperation in Vehicular-Delay Tolerant Networks 1067.3.2 Performance Assessment of Node Cooperation 1087.4 Conclusions 1127.5 Acknowledgements 113References 1138 Access Selection and Cooperation in Ambient Networks 117Ram´on Agüero8.1 Leveraging the Cooperation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks 1178.2 The Ambient Networks Philosophy 1188.2.1 Generic Link Layer 1208.2.2 Management of Heterogeneous Wireless Resources 1208.2.3 Additional Functional Entities 1218.2.4 Multi-Access Functions and Procedures 1228.3 Related Work 1258.4 Outlook 1258.4.1 Cognition 1258.4.2 Mesh Topologies 1278.5 Conclusions 127References 1289 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 133Carol Fung and Raouf Boutaba9.1 Overview of Network Intrusions 1339.1.1 Single-Host Intrusion and Malware 1339.1.2 Distributed Attacks and Botnets 1349.1.3 Cooperative Attacks and Phishing 1349.2 Intrusion Detection Systems 1359.2.1 Signature-Based and Anomaly-Based IDSs 1359.2.2 Host-Based and Network-Based IDSs 1359.3 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 1369.3.1 Cooperation Topology 1369.3.2 Cooperation Scope 1379.3.3 Specialization 1379.3.4 Cooperation Technologies and Algorithms 1379.3.5 Taxonomy 1389.4 Selected Intrusion Detection Networks 1399.4.1 Indra 1399.4.2 DOMINO 1399.4.3 DShield 1409.4.4 NetShield 1409.4.5 Gossip 1419.4.6 Worminator 1429.4.7 ABDIAS 1429.4.8 CRIM 1429.4.9 HBCIDS 1439.4.10 ALPACAS 1439.4.11 CDDHT 1439.4.12 SmartScreen Filter 1439.4.13 FFCIDN 1449.5 Open Challenges and Future Directions 1449.6 Conclusion 144References 14410 Cooperation Link Level Retransmission in Wireless Networks 147Mehrdad Dianati, Xuemin (Sherman) Shen and Kshirasagar Naik10.1 Introduction 14710.2 Background 14910.2.1 Modeling of Fading Channels 14910.2.2 Automatic Repeat Request 15210.3 System Model 15410.4 Protocol Model 15510.5 Node Cooperative SW Scheme 15610.6 Performance Analysis 15710.7 Delay Analysis 16410.8 Verification of Analytical Models 16810.8.1 Throughput 16910.8.2 Average Delay and Delay Jitter 17110.9 Discussion of the Related Works 17210.10 Summary 17410.11 Acknowledgement 174References 17511 Cooperative Inter-Node and Inter-Layer Optimization of Network Protocols 177D. Kliazovich, F. Granelli and N. L. S. da Fonseca11.1 Introduction 17711.2 A Framework for Cooperative Configuration and Optimization 17811.2.1 Tuning TCP/IP Parameters 17811.2.2 Cooperative Optimization Architecture 17911.3 Cooperative Optimization Design 18111.3.1 Inter-Layer Cooperative Optimization 18111.3.2 Inter-Node Cooperative Optimization 18311.4 A Test Case: TCP Optimization Using a Cooperative Framework 18411.4.1 Implementation 18411.4.2 Inter-Layer Cognitive Optimization 18611.4.3 Inter-Node Cognitive Optimization 18711.5 Conclusions 189References 18912 Cooperative Network Coding 191H. Rashvand, C. Khirallah, V. Stankovic and L. Stankovic12.1 Introduction 19112.2 Network Coding Concept 19212.2.1 Example 19212.3 Cooperative Relay 19512.4 Cooperation Strategies 19612.4.1 Performance Measures 19712.5 Cooperative Network Coding 20612.6 Conclusions 214References 21413 Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors 217J. Chang, E. Herrero, R. Canal and G. Sohi13.1 Caching and Chip Multiprocessors 21713.1.1 Caching Background 21713.1.2 CMP (Chip Multiprocessor) 21813.1.3 CMP Caching Challenges 21813.2 Cooperative Caching and CMP Caching 22013.2.1 Motivation for Cooperative Caching 22013.2.2 The Unique Aspects of Cooperative Caching 22013.2.3 CMP Cache Partitioning Schemes 22513.2.4 A Taxonomy of CMP Caching Techniques 22613.3 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 22613.3.1 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 22713.3.2 CC Mechanisms 22913.3.3 CC Implementations 23413.3.4 CC for Large Scale CMPs 24113.3.5 Distributed Cooperative Caching 24313.3.6 Summary 24913.4 CMP Cooperative Caching Applications 25113.4.1 CMP Cooperative Caching for Latency Reduction 25213.4.2 CMP Cooperative Caching for Adaptive Repartitioning 25913.4.3 CMP Cooperative Caching for Performance Isolation 26213.5 Summary 269References 27014 Market-Oriented Resource Management and Scheduling: A Taxonomy and Survey 277Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya14.1 Introduction 27714.2 Overview of Utility Grids and Preliminaries 27714.3 Requirements 27914.3.1 Consumer Side Requirements 27914.3.2 Resource Provider Side Requirements 28014.3.3 Market Exchange Requirements 28014.4 Utility Grid Infrastructural Components 28214.5 Taxonomy of Market-Oriented Scheduling 28314.5.1 Market Model 28414.5.2 Allocation Decision 28814.5.3 Participant Focus 28814.5.4 Application Type 28814.5.5 Allocation Objective 28914.6 Survey of Grid Resource Management Systems 28914.6.1 Survey of Market-Oriented Systems 28914.6.2 System-Oriented Schedulers 29614.7 Discussion and Gap Analysis 30014.7.1 Scheduling Mechanisms 30014.7.2 Market Based Systems 30114.8 Summary 302References 303Glossary 307Index 319

Mohammad Obaidat, Monmouth University, USAMohammad Obaidat received his Ph.D. and M. S. degrees in Computer Engineering with a minor in Computer Science from The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Dr. Obaidat is currently a full Professor of Computer Science at Monmouth University, NJ, USA. His research interests are: wireless communications and networks, pervasive computing, networking and communications, modeling and simulation, performance evaluation of computer systems, and telecommunications systems, security of computer and network systems, high performance computing/computers, applied neural networks and pattern recognition, security of e-based systems, and speech processing. Dr. Sudip Misra, the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaSudip Misra is an Assistant Professor in the School of Information Technology at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, and is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Carleton University, in Ottawa, Canada, and the masters and bachelor's degrees respectively from the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada, and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. His current research interests include algorithm design and engineering for telecommunication networks, software engineering for telecommunication applications, and computational intelligence and soft computing applications in telecommunications.

• About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xvii1 Introduction 1Mohammad S. Obaidat and Sudip Misra1.1 Major Features of the Book 41.2 Target Audience 41.3 Supplementary Resources 51.4 Acknowledgements 52 Fundamentals and Issues with Cooperation in Networking 7Mohammad S. Obaidat and Tarik Guelzim2.1 Introduction 72.2 Fundamentals of Cooperating Networks 72.2.1 Cooperative Adhoc Network Services 82.2.2 Cooperative Relaying Network Service 132.3 Issues and Security Flaws with Cooperating Networks:Wireless Sensor Networks Case Study 152.3.1 Limitations in Mobile Ad hoc Networks 162.4 Conclusions 19References 193 To Cooperate or Not to Cooperate? That is the Question! 21Mohamed H. Ahmed and Salama S. Ikki3.1 Introduction 213.2 Overview of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 223.2.1 Relaying Techniques 223.2.2 Combining Techniques 233.2.3 Other Cooperating Techniques 243.3 Benefits of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 253.3.1 Signal-Quality Improvement 253.3.2 Reduced Power 283.3.3 Better Coverage 283.3.4 Capacity Gain 283.4 Major Challenges of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 283.4.1 Resources Over-Utilization 283.4.2 Additional Delay 293.4.3 Complexity 303.4.4 Unavailability of Cooperating Nodes 323.4.5 Security Threats 323.5 Discussion and Conclusion 32References 334 Cooperation in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 35J. Barbancho, D. Cascado, J. L. Sevillano, C. León, A. Linares and F. J. Molina4.1 Introduction 354.2 Why Could Cooperation in WAdSN be Useful? 364.2.1 Time Synchronization, Localization and Calibration 364.2.2 Routing 414.2.3 Data Aggregation and Fusion 434.3 Research Directions for Cooperation in WAdSN 454.3.1 Middleware for WAdSN 464.3.2 Multi-Agent Systems in WAdSN 484.3.3 Artificial Neural Networks in WAdSN 504.4 Final Remarks 534.5 Acknowledgements 53References 535 Cooperation in Autonomous Vehicular Networks 57Sidi Mohammed Senouci, Abderrahim Benslimane and Hassnaa Moustafa5.1 Introduction 575.2 Overview on Vehicular Networks 585.3 Cooperation at Different OSI Layers 595.3.1 Cooperation at Lower Layers 595.3.2 Cooperation at Network Layer 605.3.3 Security and Authentication versus Cooperation 675.3.4 Cooperation at Upper Layers 695.4 Conclusion 73References 736 Cooperative Overlay Networking for Streaming Media Content 77F. Wang, J. Liu and K. Wu6.1 Introduction 776.2 Architectural Choices for Streaming Media Content over the Internet 786.2.1 Router-Based Architectures: IP Multicast 796.2.2 Architectures with Proxy Caching 806.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Architectures 816.3 Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming 826.3.1 Comparisons with Other Peer-to-Peer Applications 826.3.2 Design Issues 836.3.3 Approaches for Overlay Construction 836.4 Overview of mTreebone 856.4.1 Treebone: A Stable Tree-Based Backbone 856.4.2 Mesh: An Adaptive Auxiliary Overlay 866.5 Treebone Construction and Optimization 876.5.1 Optimal Stable Node Identification 876.5.2 Treebone Bootstrapping and Evolution 886.5.3 Treebone Optimization 896.6 Collaborative Mesh-Tree Data Delivery 916.6.1 Seamless Push/Pull Switching 916.6.2 Handling Host Dynamics 916.7 Performance Evaluation 926.7.1 Large-Scale Simulations 926.7.2 PlanetLab-Based Experiments 946.8 Conclusion and Future Work 98References 987 Cooperation in DTN-Based Network Architectures 101Vasco N. G. J. Soares and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Delay-Tolerant Networks 1027.2.1 DTN Application Domains 1037.2.2 Cooperation in Delay-Tolerant Networks 1037.3 Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks 1067.3.1 Cooperation in Vehicular-Delay Tolerant Networks 1067.3.2 Performance Assessment of Node Cooperation 1087.4 Conclusions 1127.5 Acknowledgements 113References 1138 Access Selection and Cooperation in Ambient Networks 117Ram´on Agüero8.1 Leveraging the Cooperation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks 1178.2 The Ambient Networks Philosophy 1188.2.1 Generic Link Layer 1208.2.2 Management of Heterogeneous Wireless Resources 1208.2.3 Additional Functional Entities 1218.2.4 Multi-Access Functions and Procedures 1228.3 Related Work 1258.4 Outlook 1258.4.1 Cognition 1258.4.2 Mesh Topologies 1278.5 Conclusions 127References 1289 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 133Carol Fung and Raouf Boutaba9.1 Overview of Network Intrusions 1339.1.1 Single-Host Intrusion and Malware 1339.1.2 Distributed Attacks and Botnets 1349.1.3 Cooperative Attacks and Phishing 1349.2 Intrusion Detection Systems 1359.2.1 Signature-Based and Anomaly-Based IDSs 1359.2.2 Host-Based and Network-Based IDSs 1359.3 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 1369.3.1 Cooperation Topology 1369.3.2 Cooperation Scope 1379.3.3 Specialization 1379.3.4 Cooperation Technologies and Algorithms 1379.3.5 Taxonomy 1389.4 Selected Intrusion Detection Networks 1399.4.1 Indra 1399.4.2 DOMINO 1399.4.3 DShield 1409.4.4 NetShield 1409.4.5 Gossip 1419.4.6 Worminator 1429.4.7 ABDIAS 1429.4.8 CRIM 1429.4.9 HBCIDS 1439.4.10 ALPACAS 1439.4.11 CDDHT 1439.4.12 SmartScreen Filter 1439.4.13 FFCIDN 1449.5 Open Challenges and Future Directions 1449.6 Conclusion 144References 14410 Cooperation Link Level Retransmission in Wireless Networks 147Mehrdad Dianati, Xuemin (Sherman) Shen and Kshirasagar Naik10.1 Introduction 14710.2 Background 14910.2.1 Modeling of Fading Channels 14910.2.2 Automatic Repeat Request 15210.3 System Model 15410.4 Protocol Model 15510.5 Node Cooperative SW Scheme 15610.6 Performance Analysis 15710.7 Delay Analysis 16410.8 Verification of Analytical Models 16810.8.1 Throughput 16910.8.2 Average Delay and Delay Jitter 17110.9 Discussion of the Related Works 17210.10 Summary 17410.11 Acknowledgement 174References 17511 Cooperative Inter-Node and Inter-Layer Optimization of Network Protocols 177D. Kliazovich, F. Granelli and N. L. S. da Fonseca11.1 Introduction 17711.2 A Framework for Cooperative Configuration and Optimization 17811.2.1 Tuning TCP/IP Parameters 17811.2.2 Cooperative Optimization Architecture 17911.3 Cooperative Optimization Design 18111.3.1 Inter-Layer Cooperative Optimization 18111.3.2 Inter-Node Cooperative Optimization 18311.4 A Test Case: TCP Optimization Using a Cooperative Framework 18411.4.1 Implementation 18411.4.2 Inter-Layer Cognitive Optimization 18611.4.3 Inter-Node Cognitive Optimization 18711.5 Conclusions 189References 18912 Cooperative Network Coding 191H. Rashvand, C. Khirallah, V. Stankovic and L. Stankovic12.1 Introduction 19112.2 Network Coding Concept 19212.2.1 Example 19212.3 Cooperative Relay 19512.4 Cooperation Strategies 19612.4.1 Performance Measures 19712.5 Cooperative Network Coding 20612.6 Conclusions 214References 21413 Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors 217J. Chang, E. Herrero, R. Canal and G. Sohi13.1 Caching and Chip Multiprocessors 21713.1.1 Caching Background 21713.1.2 CMP (Chip Multiprocessor) 21813.1.3 CMP Caching Challenges 21813.2 Cooperative Caching and CMP Caching 22013.2.1 Motivation for Cooperative Caching 22013.2.2 The Unique Aspects of Cooperative Caching 22013.2.3 CMP Cache Partitioning Schemes 22513.2.4 A Taxonomy of CMP Caching Techniques 22613.3 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 22613.3.1 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 22713.3.2 CC Mechanisms 22913.3.3 CC Implementations 23413.3.4 CC for Large Scale CMPs 24113.3.5 Distributed Cooperative Caching 24313.3.6 Summary 24913.4 CMP Cooperative Caching Applications 25113.4.1 CMP Cooperative Caching for Latency Reduction 25213.4.2 CMP Cooperative Caching for Adaptive Repartitioning 25913.4.3 CMP Cooperative Caching for Performance Isolation 26213.5 Summary 269References 27014 Market-Oriented Resource Management and Scheduling: A Taxonomy and Survey 277Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya14.1 Introduction 27714.2 Overview of Utility Grids and Preliminaries 27714.3 Requirements 27914.3.1 Consumer Side Requirements 27914.3.2 Resource Provider Side Requirements 28014.3.3 Market Exchange Requirements 28014.4 Utility Grid Infrastructural Components 28214.5 Taxonomy of Market-Oriented Scheduling 28314.5.1 Market Model 28414.5.2 Allocation Decision 28814.5.3 Participant Focus 28814.5.4 Application Type 28814.5.5 Allocation Objective 28914.6 Survey of Grid Resource Management Systems 28914.6.1 Survey of Market-Oriented Systems 28914.6.2 System-Oriented Schedulers 29614.7 Discussion and Gap Analysis 30014.7.1 Scheduling Mechanisms 30014.7.2 Market Based Systems 30114.8 Summary 302References 303Glossary 307Index 319

Mohammad Obaidat, Monmouth University, USAMohammad Obaidat received his Ph.D. and M. S. degrees in Computer Engineering with a minor in Computer Science from The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. Dr. Obaidat is currently a full Professor of Computer Science at Monmouth University, NJ, USA. His research interests are: wireless communications and networks, pervasive computing, networking and communications, modeling and simulation, performance evaluation of computer systems, and telecommunications systems, security of computer and network systems, high performance computing/computers, applied neural networks and pattern recognition, security of e-based systems, and speech processing. Dr. Sudip Misra, the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, IndiaSudip Misra is an Assistant Professor in the School of Information Technology at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, and is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada. He received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from Carleton University, in Ottawa, Canada, and the masters and bachelor's degrees respectively from the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada, and the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. His current research interests include algorithm design and engineering for telecommunication networks, software engineering for telecommunication applications, and computational intelligence and soft computing applications in telecommunications.

• About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xvii1 Introduction 1Mohammad S. Obaidat and Sudip Misra1.1 Major Features of the Book 41.2 Target Audience 41.3 Supplementary Resources 51.4 Acknowledgements 52 Fundamentals and Issues with Cooperation in Networking 7Mohammad S. Obaidat and Tarik Guelzim2.1 Introduction 72.2 Fundamentals of Cooperating Networks 72.2.1 Cooperative Adhoc Network Services 82.2.2 Cooperative Relaying Network Service 132.3 Issues and Security Flaws with Cooperating Networks:Wireless Sensor Networks Case Study 152.3.1 Limitations in Mobile Ad hoc Networks 162.4 Conclusions 19References 193 To Cooperate or Not to Cooperate? That is the Question! 21Mohamed H. Ahmed and Salama S. Ikki3.1 Introduction 213.2 Overview of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 223.2.1 Relaying Techniques 223.2.2 Combining Techniques 233.2.3 Other Cooperating Techniques 243.3 Benefits of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 253.3.1 Signal-Quality Improvement 253.3.2 Reduced Power 283.3.3 Better Coverage 283.3.4 Capacity Gain 283.4 Major Challenges of Cooperative-Diversity Systems 283.4.1 Resources Over-Utilization 283.4.2 Additional Delay 293.4.3 Complexity 303.4.4 Unavailability of Cooperating Nodes 323.4.5 Security Threats 323.5 Discussion and Conclusion 32References 334 Cooperation in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks 35J. Barbancho, D. Cascado, J. L. Sevillano, C. León, A. Linares and F. J. Molina4.1 Introduction 354.2 Why Could Cooperation in WAdSN be Useful? 364.2.1 Time Synchronization, Localization and Calibration 364.2.2 Routing 414.2.3 Data Aggregation and Fusion 434.3 Research Directions for Cooperation in WAdSN 454.3.1 Middleware for WAdSN 464.3.2 Multi-Agent Systems in WAdSN 484.3.3 Artificial Neural Networks in WAdSN 504.4 Final Remarks 534.5 Acknowledgements 53References 535 Cooperation in Autonomous Vehicular Networks 57Sidi Mohammed Senouci, Abderrahim Benslimane and Hassnaa Moustafa5.1 Introduction 575.2 Overview on Vehicular Networks 585.3 Cooperation at Different OSI Layers 595.3.1 Cooperation at Lower Layers 595.3.2 Cooperation at Network Layer 605.3.3 Security and Authentication versus Cooperation 675.3.4 Cooperation at Upper Layers 695.4 Conclusion 73References 736 Cooperative Overlay Networking for Streaming Media Content 77F. Wang, J. Liu and K. Wu6.1 Introduction 776.2 Architectural Choices for Streaming Media Content over the Internet 786.2.1 Router-Based Architectures: IP Multicast 796.2.2 Architectures with Proxy Caching 806.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Architectures 816.3 Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming 826.3.1 Comparisons with Other Peer-to-Peer Applications 826.3.2 Design Issues 836.3.3 Approaches for Overlay Construction 836.4 Overview of mTreebone 856.4.1 Treebone: A Stable Tree-Based Backbone 856.4.2 Mesh: An Adaptive Auxiliary Overlay 866.5 Treebone Construction and Optimization 876.5.1 Optimal Stable Node Identification 876.5.2 Treebone Bootstrapping and Evolution 886.5.3 Treebone Optimization 896.6 Collaborative Mesh-Tree Data Delivery 916.6.1 Seamless Push/Pull Switching 916.6.2 Handling Host Dynamics 916.7 Performance Evaluation 926.7.1 Large-Scale Simulations 926.7.2 PlanetLab-Based Experiments 946.8 Conclusion and Future Work 98References 987 Cooperation in DTN-Based Network Architectures 101Vasco N. G. J. Soares and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Delay-Tolerant Networks 1027.2.1 DTN Application Domains 1037.2.2 Cooperation in Delay-Tolerant Networks 1037.3 Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks 1067.3.1 Cooperation in Vehicular-Delay Tolerant Networks 1067.3.2 Performance Assessment of Node Cooperation 1087.4 Conclusions 1127.5 Acknowledgements 113References 1138 Access Selection and Cooperation in Ambient Networks 117Ram´on Agüero8.1 Leveraging the Cooperation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks 1178.2 The Ambient Networks Philosophy 1188.2.1 Generic Link Layer 1208.2.2 Management of Heterogeneous Wireless Resources 1208.2.3 Additional Functional Entities 1218.2.4 Multi-Access Functions and Procedures 1228.3 Related Work 1258.4 Outlook 1258.4.1 Cognition 1258.4.2 Mesh Topologies 1278.5 Conclusions 127References 1289 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 133Carol Fung and Raouf Boutaba9.1 Overview of Network Intrusions 1339.1.1 Single-Host Intrusion and Malware 1339.1.2 Distributed Attacks and Botnets 1349.1.3 Cooperative Attacks and Phishing 1349.2 Intrusion Detection Systems 1359.2.1 Signature-Based and Anomaly-Based IDSs 1359.2.2 Host-Based and Network-Based IDSs 1359.3 Cooperation in Intrusion Detection Networks 1369.3.1 Cooperation Topology 1369.3.2 Cooperation Scope 1379.3.3 Specialization 1379.3.4 Cooperation Technologies and Algorithms 1379.3.5 Taxonomy 1389.4 Selected Intrusion Detection Networks 1399.4.1 Indra 1399.4.2 DOMINO 1399.4.3 DShield 1409.4.4 NetShield 1409.4.5 Gossip 1419.4.6 Worminator 1429.4.7 ABDIAS 1429.4.8 CRIM 1429.4.9 HBCIDS 1439.4.10 ALPACAS 1439.4.11 CDDHT 1439.4.12 SmartScreen Filter 1439.4.13 FFCIDN 1449.5 Open Challenges and Future Directions 1449.6 Conclusion 144References 14410 Cooperation Link Level Retransmission in Wireless Networks 147Mehrdad Dianati, Xuemin (Sherman) Shen and Kshirasagar Naik10.1 Introduction 14710.2 Background 14910.2.1 Modeling of Fading Channels 14910.2.2 Automatic Repeat Request 15210.3 System Model 15410.4 Protocol Model 15510.5 Node Cooperative SW Scheme 15610.6 Performance Analysis 15710.7 Delay Analysis 16410.8 Verification of Analytical Models 16810.8.1 Throughput 16910.8.2 Average Delay and Delay Jitter 17110.9 Discussion of the Related Works 17210.10 Summary 17410.11 Acknowledgement 174References 17511 Cooperative Inter-Node and Inter-Layer Optimization of Network Protocols 177D. Kliazovich, F. Granelli and N. L. S. da Fonseca11.1 Introduction 17711.2 A Framework for Cooperative Configuration and Optimization 17811.2.1 Tuning TCP/IP Parameters 17811.2.2 Cooperative Optimization Architecture 17911.3 Cooperative Optimization Design 18111.3.1 Inter-Layer Cooperative Optimization 18111.3.2 Inter-Node Cooperative Optimization 18311.4 A Test Case: TCP Optimization Using a Cooperative Framework 18411.4.1 Implementation 18411.4.2 Inter-Layer Cognitive Optimization 18611.4.3 Inter-Node Cognitive Optimization 18711.5 Conclusions 189References 18912 Cooperative Network Coding 191H. Rashvand, C. Khirallah, V. Stankovic and L. Stankovic12.1 Introduction 19112.2 Network Coding Concept 19212.2.1 Example 19212.3 Cooperative Relay 19512.4 Cooperation Strategies 19612.4.1 Performance Measures 19712.5 Cooperative Network Coding 20612.6 Conclusions 214References 21413 Cooperative Caching for Chip Multiprocessors 217J. Chang, E. Herrero, R. Canal and G. Sohi13.1 Caching and Chip Multiprocessors 21713.1.1 Caching Background 21713.1.2 CMP (Chip Multiprocessor) 21813.1.3 CMP Caching Challenges 21813.2 Cooperative Caching and CMP Caching 22013.2.1 Motivation for Cooperative Caching 22013.2.2 The Unique Aspects of Cooperative Caching 22013.2.3 CMP Cache Partitioning Schemes 22513.2.4 A Taxonomy of CMP Caching Techniques 22613.3 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 22613.3.1 CMP Cooperative Caching Framework 22713.3.2 CC Mechanisms 22913.3.3 CC Implementations 23413.3.4 CC for Large Scale CMPs 24113.3.5 Distributed Cooperative Caching 24313.3.6 Summary 24913.4 CMP Cooperative Caching Applications 25113.4.1 CMP Cooperative Caching for Latency Reduction 25213.4.2 CMP Cooperative Caching for Adaptive Repartitioning 25913.4.3 CMP Cooperative Caching for Performance Isolation 26213.5 Summary 269References 27014 Market-Oriented Resource Management and Scheduling: A Taxonomy and Survey 277Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya14.1 Introduction 27714.2 Overview of Utility Grids and Preliminaries 27714.3 Requirements 27914.3.1 Consumer Side Requirements 27914.3.2 Resource Provider Side Requirements 28014.3.3 Market Exchange Requirements 28014.4 Utility Grid Infrastructural Components 28214.5 Taxonomy of Market-Oriented Scheduling 28314.5.1 Market Model 28414.5.2 Allocation Decision 28814.5.3 Participant Focus 28814.5.4 Application Type 28814.5.5 Allocation Objective 28914.6 Survey of Grid Resource Management Systems 28914.6.1 Survey of Market-Oriented Systems 28914.6.2 System-Oriented Schedulers 29614.7 Discussion and Gap Analysis 30014.7.1 Scheduling Mechanisms 30014.7.2 Market Based Systems 30114.8 Summary 302References 303Glossary 307Index 319