Robert Gerson Shulman is a biophysicist and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and a Senior Research Scientist at the Department Diagnostic Radiology at Yale University.Douglas L. Rothman is the editor of Brain Energetics and Neuronal Activity: Applications to fMRI and Medicine, published by Wiley.

"…high quality scientific data and…consistent formatting…I would recommend this book as a reference for those in the academic field who work closely with MR physicists…" (AuntMinnie.com, May 24, 2006)

• Contributors vii Foreword ixSection A: Background 11 Introduction 3 Douglas L. Rothman and Robert G. Shulman2 Energy Metabolism in Neural Tissues in vivo at Rest and in Functionally Altered States 11Louis Sokoloff3 Techniques–MRS, fMRI, 13C NMR, Indirect Detection of 13C31Robin de Graaf4 Metabolic Modeling Analysis of Brain Metabolism 53Graeme MasonSection B: Neuroenergetics and Activity 735 Cerebral Energetics and Neurotransmitter Fluxes 75Nicola R. Sibson6 NMR Studies of the Metabolism and Energetics of GABA Neurotransmitter Pathways 99 Kevin L. Behar and Douglas L. Rothman7 Neural Energy Consumption and the Representation of Mental Events 111Simon B. Laughlin and David Attwell8 Imaging Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption (CMRO2) using 17O NMR Approach at Ultrahigh Field 125Wei Chen, Xiao-Hong Zhu and Kamil Ugurbil9 Deriving Changes in CMRO2 from Calibrated fMRI 147Fahmeed Hyder10 Relationship between CMRO2 and Neuronal Activity 173Fahmeed Hyder and Hal BlumenfeldSection C: Clinical Beginnings 195 11 NMR Studies of Bioenergetic Impairment in Human Epilepsy 197Hoby P. Hetherington, Jullie W. Pan and Dennis D. Spencer12 MRS Studies of the Role of Altered Glutamate and GABA Neurotransmitter Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy 215Ognen A. C. Petroff and Dennis D. Spencer13 The Role of Altered Energetics of Neurotransmitter Systems in Psychiatric Disease 239Graeme F. MasonSection D: Brain and Mind 25714 Long-term Memory: Do Incremental Signals Reflect Engagement of Cognitive Processes? 259Jed A. Meltzer and R. Todd Constable15 Using fMRI to Study the Mind and Brain 279Bruce E. Wexler16 Brain and Mind: an NMR Perspective 295Robert G. Shulman and Fahmeed Hyder17 The Role of the NMR Baseline Signal in the Study of Consciousness: the Restless Brain 311Robert G. ShulmanIndex 315

Robert Gerson Shulman is a biophysicist and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and a Senior Research Scientist at the Department Diagnostic Radiology at Yale University.Douglas L. Rothman is the editor of Brain Energetics and Neuronal Activity: Applications to fMRI and Medicine, published by Wiley.

"…high quality scientific data and…consistent formatting…I would recommend this book as a reference for those in the academic field who work closely with MR physicists…" (AuntMinnie.com, May 24, 2006)

• Contributors vii Foreword ixSection A: Background 11 Introduction 3 Douglas L. Rothman and Robert G. Shulman2 Energy Metabolism in Neural Tissues in vivo at Rest and in Functionally Altered States 11Louis Sokoloff3 Techniques–MRS, fMRI, 13C NMR, Indirect Detection of 13C31Robin de Graaf4 Metabolic Modeling Analysis of Brain Metabolism 53Graeme MasonSection B: Neuroenergetics and Activity 735 Cerebral Energetics and Neurotransmitter Fluxes 75Nicola R. Sibson6 NMR Studies of the Metabolism and Energetics of GABA Neurotransmitter Pathways 99 Kevin L. Behar and Douglas L. Rothman7 Neural Energy Consumption and the Representation of Mental Events 111Simon B. Laughlin and David Attwell8 Imaging Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption (CMRO2) using 17O NMR Approach at Ultrahigh Field 125Wei Chen, Xiao-Hong Zhu and Kamil Ugurbil9 Deriving Changes in CMRO2 from Calibrated fMRI 147Fahmeed Hyder10 Relationship between CMRO2 and Neuronal Activity 173Fahmeed Hyder and Hal BlumenfeldSection C: Clinical Beginnings 195 11 NMR Studies of Bioenergetic Impairment in Human Epilepsy 197Hoby P. Hetherington, Jullie W. Pan and Dennis D. Spencer12 MRS Studies of the Role of Altered Glutamate and GABA Neurotransmitter Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy 215Ognen A. C. Petroff and Dennis D. Spencer13 The Role of Altered Energetics of Neurotransmitter Systems in Psychiatric Disease 239Graeme F. MasonSection D: Brain and Mind 25714 Long-term Memory: Do Incremental Signals Reflect Engagement of Cognitive Processes? 259Jed A. Meltzer and R. Todd Constable15 Using fMRI to Study the Mind and Brain 279Bruce E. Wexler16 Brain and Mind: an NMR Perspective 295Robert G. Shulman and Fahmeed Hyder17 The Role of the NMR Baseline Signal in the Study of Consciousness: the Restless Brain 311Robert G. ShulmanIndex 315

Robert Gerson Shulman is a biophysicist and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and a Senior Research Scientist at the Department Diagnostic Radiology at Yale University.Douglas L. Rothman is the editor of Brain Energetics and Neuronal Activity: Applications to fMRI and Medicine, published by Wiley.

"…high quality scientific data and…consistent formatting…I would recommend this book as a reference for those in the academic field who work closely with MR physicists…" (AuntMinnie.com, May 24, 2006)

• Contributors vii Foreword ixSection A: Background 11 Introduction 3 Douglas L. Rothman and Robert G. Shulman2 Energy Metabolism in Neural Tissues in vivo at Rest and in Functionally Altered States 11Louis Sokoloff3 Techniques–MRS, fMRI, 13C NMR, Indirect Detection of 13C31Robin de Graaf4 Metabolic Modeling Analysis of Brain Metabolism 53Graeme MasonSection B: Neuroenergetics and Activity 735 Cerebral Energetics and Neurotransmitter Fluxes 75Nicola R. Sibson6 NMR Studies of the Metabolism and Energetics of GABA Neurotransmitter Pathways 99 Kevin L. Behar and Douglas L. Rothman7 Neural Energy Consumption and the Representation of Mental Events 111Simon B. Laughlin and David Attwell8 Imaging Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Consumption (CMRO2) using 17O NMR Approach at Ultrahigh Field 125Wei Chen, Xiao-Hong Zhu and Kamil Ugurbil9 Deriving Changes in CMRO2 from Calibrated fMRI 147Fahmeed Hyder10 Relationship between CMRO2 and Neuronal Activity 173Fahmeed Hyder and Hal BlumenfeldSection C: Clinical Beginnings 195 11 NMR Studies of Bioenergetic Impairment in Human Epilepsy 197Hoby P. Hetherington, Jullie W. Pan and Dennis D. Spencer12 MRS Studies of the Role of Altered Glutamate and GABA Neurotransmitter Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Epilepsy 215Ognen A. C. Petroff and Dennis D. Spencer13 The Role of Altered Energetics of Neurotransmitter Systems in Psychiatric Disease 239Graeme F. MasonSection D: Brain and Mind 25714 Long-term Memory: Do Incremental Signals Reflect Engagement of Cognitive Processes? 259Jed A. Meltzer and R. Todd Constable15 Using fMRI to Study the Mind and Brain 279Bruce E. Wexler16 Brain and Mind: an NMR Perspective 295Robert G. Shulman and Fahmeed Hyder17 The Role of the NMR Baseline Signal in the Study of Consciousness: the Restless Brain 311Robert G. ShulmanIndex 315