Web Server Programming

Neil Gray, University of Wollongong, Australia.

• Preface xi1 Introduction 11.1 Servers on the Internet 21.2 Serving static hypertext 61.3 Serving dynamically generated hypertext 81.4 Forms and CGI 111.5 A CGI program and examples 181.6 Client-side scripting 29Exercises 32Practical 32Short answer questions 32Explorations 332 HTTP 352.1 Requests and responses 362.1.1 Requests 382.1.2 Responses 402.2 Authorization 412.3 Negotiated content 432.4 State in a stateless protocol 44Exercises 45Short answer questions 45Explorations 453 Apache 473.1 Apache’s processes 483.2 Apache’s modules 513.3 Access controls 543.4 Logs 583.5 Generation of dynamic pages 613.6 Apache: installation and configuration 643.6.1 Basic installation and testing 643.6.2 The httpd.conf configuration file 67Exercises 71Practical 71Short answer questions 75Explorations 764 IP and DNS 774.1 IP addresses 784.2 IP addresses and names 814.3 Name resolution 844.4 BIND 86Exercises 89Practical 89Short answer questions 90Explorations 905 Perl 915.1 Perl’s origins 925.2 Running Perl, and the inevitable ‘Hello World’ program 935.3 Perl language 945.3.1 Scalar variables 955.3.2 Control structures 985.4 Perl core functions 1015.5 ’CS1’ revisited: simple Perl programs 1035.5.1 Burgers 1035.5.2 ls -l 1055.6 Beyond CS1: lists and arrays 1085.6.1 Basics of lists 1085.6.2 Two simple list examples 1125.7 Subroutines 1185.8 Hashes 1205.9 An example using a hash and a list 1225.10 Files and formatting 1235.11 Regular expression matching 1265.11.1 Basics of regex patterns 1285.11.2 Finding ‘what matched?’ and other advanced features 1315.12 Perl and the OS 1365.12.1 Manipulating files and directories 1375.12.2 Perl: processes 1405.12.3 A ‘systems programming’ example 1435.13 Networking 1505.14 Modules 1535.15 Databases 1545.15.1 Basics 1545.15.2 Database example 1585.16 Perl: CGI 1635.16.1 ’Roll your own’ CGI code 1645.16.2 Perl: CGI module(s) 1715.16.3 Security issues and CGI 173Exercises 174Practical 174Short answer questions 180Explorations 1816 PHP4 1836.1 PHP4’s origins 1836.2 PHP language 1876.2.1 Simple variables and data types 1876.2.2 Operators 1916.2.3 Program structure and flow control 1916.2.4 Functions 1936.3 Simple examples 1946.4 Multi-page forms 1986.5 File uploads 2076.6 Databases 2166.7 GD graphics library 2276.8 State 238Exercises 248Practical 248Short answer questions 257Explorations 2577 Java Servlets 2597.1 Servlet overview 2597.2 A first servlet example 2617.2.1 Form and servlet code 2637.2.2 Installation, Compilation, Deployment 2657.2.3 web.xml deployment files 2687.3 Sun’s servlet-related classes 2697.4 Web application example: ‘Membership’ 2767.5 Client state and sessions 2907.6 Images 3047.7 Security features 306Exercises 328Practical 328Short answer questions 336Explorations 336Contents vii8 JSP: Java Server Pages 3378.1 JSP overview 3378.2 The ‘Guru’ – a JSP example 3408.2.1 The scriptlet Guru 3408.2.2 The tagged Guru 3438.3 Membership example 3448.4 JSP: page contents 3528.4.1 JSP directives 3548.4.2 jsp: tag library 3558.5 Servlet, bean and JSP examples 3568.6 Tag libraries 3688.6.1 Defining a simple customized action tag 3698.6.2 Using tag libraries 373Exercises 375Practical 375Short answer questions 379Explorations 3809 XML 3819.1 XML overview 3819.2 XML and friends 3849.3 XSL, XSLT and XML display 3919.4 XML and XSL generating WML 4039.5 Simple API for XML 4129.6 DOM – the Document Object Model 422Exercises 428Practical 428Short answer questions 432Explorations 43310 Enterprise Java 43510.1 EJB background 43710.1.1 Smart beans in smarter containers 43710.1.2 Distributed objects 43810.2 EJB basics 44110.2.1 Servers, containers and beans 44110.2.2 The life of a bean 44410.2.3 Classes and interfaces 44410.2.4 EJB clients and EJB deployment 44610.3 Session bean examples 44710.3.1 Stateless server 44710.3.2 Stateful server 45310.4 An Entity bean 45610.5 Real-world EJB 470Exercises 485Practical 485Short answer questions 485Explorations 48511 Future technologies? 48711.1 (Lack of) Speed kills 48711.2 Personal internet presence 48911.3 Peer-to-peer 49011.4 ... and on to ‘Web Services’ 49211.4.1 The existing world of distributed objects 49211.4.2 Steps towards a future world of distributed objects 49511.4.3 UDDI, WSDL and SOAP 49811.4.4 Web service promises 509Exercises 512Explorations 512AppendicesA Minimalist guide to HTML and JavaScript 515B Active Server Pages: ASP (scripting) 549C .NET 573Index 601