Dr Beate Reszat is head of research on International Financial Markets at the Hamburg Institute of International Economics. She is also lecturer on a course on the Japanese economy at the University of Hamburg, teaches a course on European and International Financial Markets as part of the Master of European Studies Programme at Hamburg University, and a general Macroeconomics course at Nordakademie, a private university directly supported by business partners. She has worked for the International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., the Economic Planning Agency, Tokyo, and as Visiting Scholar with the Bank of Japan, Tokyo. She has published widely on international financial relations, exchange rates and Japan's financial markets. She is author of The Japanese Foreign Exchange Market and co-editor (with Lukas Menkhoff) of Asian Financial Markets – Structures, Policy Issues and Prospects. Her research interests include international monetary policy cooperation, the relationship between financial systems and economic development and the role of international finance for world city growth.

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• About the Author. 1. Introduction 2. European financial markets in history 3. Market structures 3.1. Financial systems, markets and intermediaries 3.2. Financial market typology 3.2.1. Non-tradables and non-transferables 3.2.2. Securities Fixed-income markets Equity markets 3.2.3. Derivatives 3.3. Financial systems in Europe 3.3.1. Bank-based systems 3.3.2. Market-based systems 3.3.3. Financial systems in Eastern Europe 3.4. External markets 3.4.1. Euromarkets 3.4.2. Offshore centres 3.4.3. Virtual market places 4. European financial markets in the world economy 4.1. Banks 4.2 Exchanges 4.3. Venture capital 4.4. Payment, clearing and settlement systems 5. Market mechanisms and prices 5.1 Diversification, hedging and arbitrage 5.2. Market dynamics and the role of expectations 5.3. Price patterns 6. Policy Issues 6.1. Policy targets 6.2 Policy cooperation. 6.3 EMU and financial integration.7. Conclusions. Appendix A: Bill of Exchange as Medieval Credit Instrument. Appendix B: The Tobin Tax.Appendix C: CFA Franc Zone. Appendix D: Rating Agencies. Appendix E: Optimum Currency Area. Appendix F: Luxembourg. Appendix G: Nonlinearities.Appendix H: Value at Risk.Appendix I: Legend to the FESE Diagram of the European Exchanges.References.Index.