Practical Veterinary Urinalysis

Carolyn A. Sink MS, MT(ASCP), supervises Diagnostic and Support Services in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in Blacksburg, Virginia. Nicole M. Weinstein DVM, DACVP (Clinical Pathology), is the section chief of Laboratory Services in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Sciences at Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine in Blacksburg, Virginia.

“Overall, this book is reasonably priced and will be a useful and relevant addition to any laboratory or veterinary medical library, with valuable information for both veterinarians and veterinary technicians.”  (Journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 16 September 2012)“A 'must' for any vet's reference and for veterinary students.”  (Midwest Book Review, 1 July 2012)“This book would be a great addition to any practice to encourage the use of urinalysis.”  (Veterinary Record, 28 July 2012)

• Preface and Acknowledgments ixChapter 1 Functional Renal Physiology and Urine Production 1Glomerular filtration 1Tubular reabsorption and secretion 3Collecting tubules 5Renal function and measures of renal function 5Laboratory assessment of renal function 6Chapter 2 Specimen Procurement 9Laboratory definitions for collection methods 9Urine specimen containers 12Specimen handling and preservation 15Types of urine specimens 16Chapter 3 Routine Urinalysis: Physical Properties 19Solute concentration 19Urine color 25Chapter 4 Routine Urinalysis: Chemical Analysis 29pH 29Protein 32Glucose 38Ketone 40Blood 42Bilirubin 45Urobilinogen 48Nitrite 49Leukocyte esterase 50Specific gravity 51Chapter 5 Routine Urinalysis: Microscopic Elements 55Urine sediment preparation 55Examination of urine sediment 57Microscopic elements of urine sediment 59Chapter 6 Proteinuria 113Protein handling by the kidney 113Significance of proteinuria 116Laboratory diagnosis of proteinuria 117Recommendations regarding diagnosis of proteinuria 126Additional considerations for proteinuria 126Chapter 7 Advanced Diagnostics 133Detection of bacteriuria versus diagnosis of urinary tract infection 133Urinary tract cytology 136Fractional excretion 147Urinary biomarkers 149Chapter 8 Laboratory Quality Assurance 155Physical requirements of the laboratory 155Laboratory equipment 157Reagents and supplies for the urinalysis laboratory 160Laboratory waste 160Quality control in the urinalysis laboratory 161Procedure manuals 163Index 165