Addiction Counselor's Desk Reference

ROBERT HOLMAN COOMBS, PhD, is Professor of Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA School of Medicine, a Certified Addiction Specialist (CAS), and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He serves on the International Advisory Committee of the American Academy of Healthcare Providers in the Addictive Disorders and is author or editor of more than 200 publications, including eighteen books. WILLIAM A. HOWATT, PhD, EdD, is a faculty member of the Nova Scotia Community College School of Human Services. An Internationally Certified Addiction Specialist (ICAS), he recently completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the UCLA School of Medicine. Author of numerous publications, he is currently coediting (with Robert Holman Coombs) the Wiley Series on Treating Addictions.

"…is an internationally known, classic work spanning 75 years of research....  This book is laid out in a clear and easy-to-use format that provides nearly all information an addiction counselor might need in one resource." (The American Reference Books Annual, March 2007) "In the final analysis, the authors are to be commended for bringing a compendium of information together in one volume." (PsycCRITIQUES, 5/31/2006)

• Preface xviiAcknowledgments xxiPart I: Abused Substances and their EffectsAbused drugs 2Opiates 2Depressants 4Stimulants 7Cannabis 9Hallucinogens 10Inhalants 12Steroids (Anabolic-Androgenic ) 12Designer drugs 13Control schedules for Abused drugs 15Prescribing drugs 30The five control schedules 30Controlled substance analogues 32Government decision making 32Part II: Conceptual toolsDefinitions of addiction 35Moral model 35Self-medication model 35Medical/disease model 36Spirituality model 36Impulse-control disorder 36Reward deficiency and Neurophysiological adaption 37Genetic model 37Biomedical model 37Social learning model 38Erroneous thought pat terns 38Biopsychosocial model 38Public health model 39Characteristics of addiction 39Compulsive use 40Loss of control 40Continued use despite adverse consequences 40Tolerance 40Withdrawal 41Types of addictive disorders 41The brain and psychoactive drugs 41The brain and addictive behaviors 42Addictive interaction disorder 45Drug-use stages 46Initiation 46Escalation 47Maintenance 47Discontinuation and Relapse 47Recovery 48Levels of drug use 49Type 1—Abstainers 50Type 2—Social users 50Type 3—Drug abusers 51Type 4—Physically but not Psychologically dependent users 51Type 5—Physically and Psychologically dependent users 52Stages of behavioral change 53Stage 1—Precontemplation 53Stage 2—Contemplation 54Stage 3—Preparation 54Stage 4—Action 55Stage 5—Maintenance and Relapse prevention 55Stage 6—Termination 55Prevention types and principles 56The traditional classification 56The institute of medicine classification 57Prevention principles 57Relapse prevention 59Part III: Treatment planning and Assessment resourcesTreatment planning 64Competencies and goals 64Screening and Assessment 65Diagnostic summary 67Treatment 68Client placement criteria 68Writing a treatment plan 69Sample treatment plan 70Levels of care 71Assessment resources 75Alcohol Assessment instruments 75Other Drug Assessments 81Nonchemical addictions 84Mental health (dual diagnosis) Assessments 85Recovery potential Assessments 89Multiple measures resources 93Dual diagnoses: Psychiatric illness with addiction 93The diagnostic and statistical manual (Dsm-Iv-Tr) 94Psychiatric diagnostic categories 94Part IV: Clinical skills and resourcesClinical models 102Sizgmund Freud’s psychoanalytic therapy 102Carl G. Jung’s analytic psychoanalysis 103Alfred Adler’s individual psychology 103Carl Rogers’s person-centered therapy 104Fritz Perls’s Gestalt therapy 104Irvin Yalom’s existential psychotherapy 105Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy 106Albert Ellis’s rational-emotive behavior therapy 106William Glasser’s choice theory and Reality therapy 107Aaron Beck’s cognitive behavioral therapy 108Eric Berne’s transactional analysis 108Other behavioral approaches 109Counseling techniques 109Clinical microskills 115Client homework exercises 117Client health and Stress management 131Nutritional counseling 131Exercise counseling 132Affect-regulation coping skills counseling 132Stress-management training 134Shaffer coping models 135Common styles of negative self-talk 137Rewriting old beliefs 138Rewriting irrational beliefs 139Part V: Treatment resourcesAddiction recovery tools 142Motivational tools 142Medical and pharmaceutical tools 143Cognitive-behavioral tools 146Psychosocial tools 148Holistic tools 150Addiction Recovery programs 153Residential and outpatient treatment programs 153Support groups 155Recovery programs for selected populations 167Harm reduction programs 181Characteristics of Harm reduction programs 183Harm reduction goals 183Harm reduction techniques 184Other Harm reduction techniques 186Part VI: Professional managementRecord keeping 190Crisis management 206Crisis types 206Crisis reactions 207Crisis management goals 207Crisis intervention principles 207Crisis management steps 208Chronically relapsing clients 208Difficult Clients 209Safety issues 210When threats occur 211Clients with weapons 212Clients who appear dangerous to self 212Suicide Prevention 213Critical incident Stress debriefing 213Legal and Ethical responsibilities 214Universal professional values 214Ethical codes 215Ethical decision making 216Confidentiality 216Informed consent 217Dual relationships 217Duty to warn 217Referral obligation 218Rights of minors 218Malpractice 218Ethical dilemmas 219Part VII: Career enhancement resourcesEducational resources 222Basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes expected of Addiction counselors 222Selecting a training program 228Certification and licensing 232Continuing education 245Business plan 248Setting fees 248Discussing fees 249Home-based practices 249Referrals 250Multidisciplinary teams 251Wellness plan 251Burnout 251Avoiding burnout 252Malpractice insurance 253Part VIII: Information resourcesNational and International organizations 258Federal substance abuse agencies 258Regional substance abuse agencies 266State substance abuse agencies 266Educational and training institutions 279Professional addiction-related organizations 286Canadian agencies 299International substance abuse organizations 303Grassroots alcohol and other Drugs Information 307Grant-funding resources 309Federal granting agencies 309International granting agencies 310Private granting agencies 311Other funding databases 313Publishing resources 314Academic and professional journals 314Addiction magazines and websites 336Addiction newsletters and websites 341Drug policy advocates 346The Drug policy alliance 347National organization for the reform of Marijuana laws 347Harm reduction coalition 347Law enforcement against prohibition 348Multidisciplinary association for Psychedelic studies 348Religious leaders for a more just and Compassionate Drug policy 348Educators for sensible Drug policy 349Canadian foundation for Drug policy 349Glossary 353References 381Author Index 395Subject Index 401