Next Generation SONET/SDH

STAMATIOS V. KARTALOPOULOS, PhD, is currently Williams Professor in Telecommunications Networking in the Telecommunications graduate program of the University of Oklahoma, Tulsa. Previously, he enjoyed a twenty-two year tenure with such telecom giants as Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, and AT&T. Dr. Kartalopoulos's previous optical networking texts include Understanding SONET/SDH and ATM: Communications Networks for the Next Millennium, Introduction to DWDM Technology: Data in a Rainbow, Fault Detectability in DWDM: Towards Higher Signal Quality and System Reliability, and DWDM Networks, Devices, and Technology, all published by Wiley IEEE Press.

"The book is useful for communication professionals who are interested in improving their knowledge in this exciting field as well as students and will be a good addition to university as well as professional libraries." (E-STREAMS, July 2004)

• Preface xiIntroduction 11 Synchronous Hierarchical Networks 51.1 Introduction 51.2 Switching Hierarchy 81.3 Digital Subscriber Lines 91.3.1 2B1Q 111.3.2 DMT 111.3.3 CAP 12References 132 Synchronous Optical Networks SONET/SDH 152.1 Introduction 152.2 SONET Frames 182.3 Virtual Tributaries 232.4 STS-N Frames 272.4.1 Concatenation and Super Rates 272.4.2 Scrambling 282.4.3 Mapping by Layer 292.5 Maintenance 302.6 Summary 31References 323 Asynchronous Data/Packet Networks 333.1 Introduction 333.2 Data Traffic Concepts 343.2.1 Natural Information Rate 343.2.2 Packet Networks 363.2.3 Timing Aspects 373.3 Review of Data Networks 383.3.1 Ethernet 383.3.2 FDDI 393.3.3 Switched Multi-megabit Data Services 413.3.4 Frame Relay 413.3.5 Internet Protocol 413.3.6 IP Telephony or Voice over IP 443.3.5 FAX over IP 453.4 Point-to-Point Protocol 463.5 8B/10B Block Coding Overview 483.5.1 Example, 3B/4B Block Coding 483.6 Fiber Channel 503.7 ESCON 543.8 FICON 553.9 Gigabit Ethernet 563.10 Resilient Packet Ring 603.11 Laps 613.12 Ethernet over LAPS over Legacy SONET/SDH 643.13 IP over LAPS over SONET/SDH 653.14 MPLS, MPλS and GMPLS 653.15 XDLC 713.16 ATM 713.16 ATM over SONET/SDH 78References 794 The Generic Framing Procedure 834.1 Introduction 834.2 Frame Multiplexing 844.3 Client Payload Multiplexing 844.4 GFP Frame Structure 854.5 Error Control 864.5.1 Header Error Control 864.6 Delineation 874.7 Scrambling 894.7.1 Frame Structure Payload 894.8 Idle GFP Frames and Multiplexing 914.9 GFP Modes 914.9.1 The Frame-Mapped GFP (GFP-F) 914.9.2 GFP-F Encapsulation—Examples 924.9.3 The Transparent-Mapped GFP (GFP-T) 944.9.4 GFP-F Encapsulation—Examples 954.9.5 GFP-F and GFP-T Comparison 95References 975 Next Generation SONET/SDH 995.1 Introduction 995.2 The Next Generation SONET/SDH 1015.3 Contiguous Concatenation 1035.4 Virtual Concatenation 1045.5 LCAS 1065.6 Concatenation Efficiency 1075.7 Data over Next Generation SONET/SDH 109References 1126 Next Generation Optical Networks 1156.1 Introduction 1156.2 Next Generation Optical Rings 1176.3 Shared Rings 1196.4 Protection 1196.5 Network Management 1216.6 Bandwidth Management 1246.7 Wavelength Management 1256.8 Service Restoration 128References 1307 Other New Optical Networks 1317.1 The Optical Transport Network 1317.1.1 FEC in OTN 1327.1.2 OPU-k 1337.1.3 ODU-k 1337.1.4 OTU-k 1357.1.5 The Optical Channel 1367.1.6 Optical Channel Carrier and Optical Channel Group 1387.1.7 Nonassociated Overhead 1397.1.8 Mapping in OTN 1417.1.9 Mapping GFP Frames in OPU-k 1417.2 Next Generation SONET/SDH and OTN 1417.3 OTN Summary 142References 1438 NG-S over DWDM, OTN over DWDM, and Experimental Networks 1458.1 Introduction 1458.2 OTN over DWDM 1478.3 Experimental Networks 1488.3.1 Ethernet Passive Optical Networks 1488.3.2 CDWM E-PON 1508.3.2 The Wavelength-Bus 1518.3.3 High-Performance Parallel Interface 1548.3.4 Other Parallel Optical Buses 1548.4 Conclusion 155References 157Appendix A 161Appendix B 165Appendix C 167Acronynms 169Index 189