Wireless Information Networks

KAVEH PAHLAVAN, PhD, is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, a Professor of Computer Science, and the Director of the Center for Wireless Information Network Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He is also a Visiting Professor at the Center for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland. Dr. Pahlavan is also the principal author of Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach, Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Fellow of the IEEE, a Nokia Fellow, and a former Fulbright-Nokia Scholar. ALLEN H. LEVESQUE, PhD, is a consulting engineer specializing in digital communications technologies and an Adjunct Professor at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Levesque is coauthor of Error-Control Techniques for Digital Communication (Wiley), an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, and a Fellow of the IEEE.

• Preface xiPart I Introduction to Wireless Networks 11 Overview of Wireless Networks 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Network Architecture and Design Issues 61.3 Key Trends in Wireless Networking 201.4 Outline of the Book 21Questions 222 Evolution of the Wireless Industry 232.1 Introduction 232.2 Three Views of the Wireless Industry 292.3 Three Generations of Cellular Networks 322.4 Trends in Wireless Technologies 43Questions 49Part II Characteristics of Radio Propagation 513 Characterization of Radio Propagation 533.1 Introduction 533.2 Multipath Fading and the Distance–Power Relationship 553.3 Local Movements and Doppler Shift 643.4 Multipath for Wideband Signals 663.5 Classical Uncorrelated Scattering Model 723.6 Indoor and Urban Radio Propagation Modeling 81Questions 86Problems 87Projects 894 Modeling and Simulation of Narrowband Signal Characteristics 934.1 Introduction 934.2 Modeling Path Loss and Slow Shadow Fading 964.3 Doppler Spectrum of Fast Envelope Fading 1104.4 Statistical Behavior of Fast Envelope Fading 1224.5 Simulation of Fast Envelope Fading 126Questions 133Problems 134Projects 1375 Measurement of Wideband and UWB Channel Characteristics 1495.1 Introduction 1495.2 Time-Domain Measurement Techniques 1515.3 Frequency-Domain Measurement Techniques 1715.4 Advances in Frequency-Domain Channel Measurement 180Questions 197Problems 198Project 2006 Modeling of Wideband Radio Channel Characteristics 2056.1 Introduction 2066.2 Wideband Time-Domain Statistical Modeling 2086.3 Wideband Frequency-Domain Channel Modeling 2346.4 Comparison Between Statistical Models 2436.5 Ray-Tracing Algorithms 2456.6 Direct Solution of Radio Propagation Equations 2616.7 Comparison of Deterministic and Statistical Modeling 2636.8 Site-Specific Statistical Model 265Appendix 6A: GSM-Recommended Multipath Propagation Models 270Appendix 6B: Wideband Multipath Propagation Models 272Questions 274Problems 275Projects 277Part III Modem Design 2797 Narrowband Modem Technology 2817.1 Introduction 2827.2 Basic Modulation Techniques 2847.3 Theoretical Limits and Practical Impairments 3077.4 Traditional Modems for Wide-Area Wireless Networks 3127.5 Other Aspects of Modem Implementation 328Questions 335Problems 336Projects 3388 Fading Diversity and Coding 3418.1 Introduction 3418.2 Radio Communication on Flat Rayleigh Fading Channels 3438.3 Diversity Combining 3478.4 Error-Control Coding for Wireless Channels 3538.5 Space-Time Coding 3638.6 MIMO and STC 365Questions 372Problems 372Projects 3749 Broadband Modem Technologies 3779.1 Introduction 3789.2 Effects of Frequency-Selective Multipath Fading 3809.3 Discrete Multipath Fading Channel Model 3849.4 Adaptive Discrete Matched Filter 3899.5 Adaptive Equalization 3939.6 Sectored Antennas 4059.7 Multicarrier OFDM and Frequency Diversity 4119.8 Comparison of Traditional Broadband Modems 4219.9 MIMO in Frequency-Selective Fading 423Appendix 9A: Analysis of the Equalizers 425Questions 428Problems 429Projects 43110 Spread-Spectrum and CDMA Technology 43510.1 Introduction 43510.2 Principles of Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum 43910.3 Principles of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum 44410.4 Interference in Spread-Spectrum Systems 46410.5 Performance of CDMA Systems 476Questions 494Problems 495Part IV Systems Aspects 49911 Topology Medium Access and Performance 50111.1 Introduction 50111.2 Topologies for Local Networks 50311.3 Cellular Topology for Wide-Area Networks 50611.4 Centrally Controlled Assigned Access Methods 52111.5 Distributed Contention-Based Access Control 537Questions 572Problems 573Project 57612 Ultrawideband Communications 58112.1 Introduction 58112.2 UWB Channel Characteristics 58412.3 Impulse Radio and Time-Hopping Access 58912.4 Direct-Sequence UWB 59512.5 Multiband OFDM 599Questions 603Problems 60413 RF Location Sensing 60713.1 Introduction 60713.2 RF Location-Sensing Techniques 61113.3 Modeling The Behavior of RF Sensors 61913.4 Wireless Positioning Algorithms 626Questions 636Problems 63714 Wireless Optical Networks 63914.1 Introduction 63914.2 Implementation 64114.3 Eye Safety 64314.4 IR Channel Characterization and Data-Rate Limitations 64414.5 Modulation Techniques for Optical Communications 65314.6 Multiple Access and Data Rate 659Questions 66115 Systems and Standards 66315.1 Introduction 66315.2 GSM GPRS and EDGE 66415.3 CDMA and HDR 67415.4 Other Historical Systems 67915.5 Wireless LANs 68215.6 Speech Coding in Wireless Systems 685Questions 687References 689Index 713About the Authors 721