Joost Pauwelyn is Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. Previously, he was a law professor at Duke University in the USA (2002-2007) and an official with the World Trade Organization (1996-2002). In 2005, he received the Paul Guggenheim Prize for his 2003 book, Conflict of Norms in Public International Law.

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• 1. Introduction; 2. The two extremes of 'European Absolutism' and 'American Voluntarism'; 3. Allocation, protection and back-up enforcement of entitlements; 4. How should International law entitlements be protected?; 5. How are international law entitlements currently protected?; 6. Back-up enforcement in international law; 7. Conclusion.

Joost Pauwelyn is Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva. Previously, he was a law professor at Duke University in the USA (2002-2007) and an official with the World Trade Organization (1996-2002). In 2005, he received the Paul Guggenheim Prize for his 2003 book, Conflict of Norms in Public International Law.

Select Guide Rating

• 1. Introduction; 2. The two extremes of 'European Absolutism' and 'American Voluntarism'; 3. Allocation, protection and back-up enforcement of entitlements; 4. How should International law entitlements be protected?; 5. How are international law entitlements currently protected?; 6. Back-up enforcement in international law; 7. Conclusion.