Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box

Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz is co-founder and Chief Executive of the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). His previous experience encompasses responsibility in a diverse range of capacities at the interface of international trade and sustainable development. Christophe Bellmann is the Programmes Director at the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). Before joining ICTSD, Mr Bellmann worked with the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and with the Swiss Coalition of Development Organisations. Jonathan Hepburn is Programme Officer for Agriculture at the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD). Before joining ICTSD, he represented Oxfam International to the World Bank and IMF in Washington D.C., and led Oxfam's global campaign on aid, debt and the Millennium Development Goals. Previously, he worked on trade, development and human rights issues with the Quaker United Nations Office, Geneva.

'This book constitutes a long-awaited and valuable contribution to clarifying what has become the core of agricultural negotiations: the fear that abusive migration toward so-called green-box subsidies might render meaningless any apparent progress in reduction of the more obvious distorting modalities. It is a well-balanced and thoughtful analysis of all relevant arguments in the debate and provides trade negotiators with an enlightened guidance to help the Doha Round deliver on its promise of putting world trade to the service of development needs and environmental improvement.' Ambassador Rubens Ricupero, former Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

• 1. Overview Christophe Bellmann and Jonathan Hepburn; Part I. The Recent Evolution of Agricultural Trade Policy Reform: 2. The historical context of the green box Néstor Stancanelli; 3. Doha Round negotiations on the green box, and beyond Jonathan Hepburn and Christophe Bellmann; 4. The reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy Alan Swinbank; 5. Farm policy reform in the US: past progress and future direction David Orden; 6. Agricultural trade policy reform in Japan Masayoshi Honma; Part II. The Focus, Extent and Economic Impact of Green Box Subsidies: 7. Agricultural support in the green box: an analysis of EU, US and Japanese green box spending Jesús Antón; 8. Green box subsidies and trade-distorting support: is there a cumulative impact? Carlos Galperín and Ivana Doporto Miguez; 9. The distributional structure of green box subsidies in the European Union and France Vincent Chatellier; 10. The distributional structure of US green box subsidies Harry de Gorter; Part III. Green Box Subsidies and Developing Countries: 11. Agricultural subsidies in the WTO green box: opportunities and challenges for developing countries André Nassar, Maria Elba Rodriguez-Alcalá and Cinthia C. Costa; 12. Use of green box measures by developing countries: an assessment Biswajit Dhar; 13. A Chinese perspective on the green box Jianmin Xie; 14. African countries and the green box Abena Oduro; Part IV. Green Box Subsidies and the Environment: 15. The environmental impact of green box subsidies: exploring the linkages Ron Steenblik and Charles Tsai; 16. The environmental impact of European Union green box subsidies Ariel Brunner and Harry Huyton; 17. The environmental impact of US green box subsidies Jane Earley; 18. Biofuels subsidies and the green box Tim Josling, Freeman Spogli and David Blandford; Part V. Looking Forward: How Can Change Take Place?: 19. Improving monitoring and surveillance of green box subsidies Andrea Cerda; 20. Subsidy reform in the EU context: options for achieving change Teresa Cavero; 21. Subsidy reform in the US context: deviating from decoupling Ann Tutwiler; 22. Subsidy reform in Japan: options for achieving change Kazuhito Yamashita; 23. Towards a green box subsidy regime that promotes sustainable development: strategies for achieving change Pedro de Camargo Neto and Renato Henz.