Deepa M. Ollapally is Professorial Lecturer, and the Associate Director of the Sigur Center for Asian Studies at the Elliott School for International Affairs at the George Washington University, Washington DC. She is an expert on South Asian politics and international security and her publications include Confronting Conflict: Domestic Factors and US Policymaking in the Third World (1993).

• 1. Introduction: beyond and before the 9/11 framework; 2. Situating violent conflict in South Asia; 3. Reaping the whirlwind in Afghanistan; 4. Pakistan at crossroads; 5. Kashmir's crowded politics; 6. Sri Lanka's violent spiral; 7. Bangladesh: divided politics and geopolitics; 8. Conclusion.

Deepa M. Ollapally is Professorial Lecturer, and the Associate Director of the Sigur Center for Asian Studies at the Elliott School for International Affairs at the George Washington University, Washington DC. She is an expert on South Asian politics and international security and her publications include Confronting Conflict: Domestic Factors and US Policymaking in the Third World (1993).

• 1. Introduction: beyond and before the 9/11 framework; 2. Situating violent conflict in South Asia; 3. Reaping the whirlwind in Afghanistan; 4. Pakistan at crossroads; 5. Kashmir's crowded politics; 6. Sri Lanka's violent spiral; 7. Bangladesh: divided politics and geopolitics; 8. Conclusion.

Deepa M. Ollapally is Professorial Lecturer, and the Associate Director of the Sigur Center for Asian Studies at the Elliott School for International Affairs at the George Washington University, Washington DC. She is an expert on South Asian politics and international security and her publications include Confronting Conflict: Domestic Factors and US Policymaking in the Third World (1993).

• 1. Introduction: beyond and before the 9/11 framework; 2. Situating violent conflict in South Asia; 3. Reaping the whirlwind in Afghanistan; 4. Pakistan at crossroads; 5. Kashmir's crowded politics; 6. Sri Lanka's violent spiral; 7. Bangladesh: divided politics and geopolitics; 8. Conclusion.