Architectural Conservation

Aylin Orbasli, BArch, DPhil trained as an architect in Turkey before completing a doctorate at the University of York in England. She works as a consultant in heritage management and historic building conservation, and at Oxford Brookes University.

"This is a sound introductory basis for those embarking on the study of architectural conservation and can be recommended to anyone thinking of joining the profession." (Journal of Architectural Conservation, November 2008) "Outlines the importance of architectural conservation on our society." (UK Construction)

• PrefacePart I Theory and Principles1 Introduction 3What is architectural conservation? 3Why conserve? 3Architectural conservation 5Conservation as a profession 6Professional roles in building conservation 7Craft skills 10Studies in building conservation 10Professional accreditation 11Working internationally 11Structure of the book 122 International and historic context of conservation 15Historic context 16The symbolic and nostalgic connotations of historic monuments 16‘Restoration’ in the nineteenth century 17The search for authenticity 17Conservation in the twentieth century 20Built heritage as a symbol of national identity 20International conservation charters 21The non-Western perspective 23The urban conservation movement 25UNESCO and the World Heritage Convention 26Shifting emphases 28Conservation-led regeneration 29The industrial heritage 29The legacy of the twentieth century 31Cultural landscapes 32Intangible heritage 33Integrated approaches 35Summary and conclusion 353 Theoretical framework and conservation principles 37Values and definitions 38A values-based approach 38Terms and definitions 46Principles, philosophy and guidance 50Ethics in conservation 51Principles 52Summary and conclusion 634 Legislation, Policy and Guidance 66Decision making in conservation 67International level 67National level 68Local level 69Non-governmental organisations and amenity societies 71The private sector and property owners 72Public participation 73Statutory protection 74Archaeological sites and ancient monuments 75Monuments and buildings of architectural and historic significance 76Area-based designation (conservation areas) 81Historic gardens and landscapes 84Other forms of control and legislation that impact on historic buildings 86Summary and conclusion 87Part II Principles Into Practice5 Managing conservation 91Survey and analysis 91Understanding 91Research 94Survey 95Specialist investigations 96Information management 97Making and evaluating proposals 98Conservation management plans 98Impact assessment 100Project implementation 102Financing conservation 102Construction contracts for conservation 103Implementation on site 104Managing historic properties 105Maintenance planning 105Risk assessment and preparedness 108Access management 108Summary and conclusion 1106 Causes of decay, environmental services and structures in conservation 112Causes of decay 112Climatic causes 113Biological and botanical causes 115Natural disasters 115Human beings 118Managing environmental conditions in historic buildings 120Designing for and locating services in historic buildings 122Heating and cooling 123Improving environmental performance 125Lighting historic buildings 125Fire protection 128Structural conservation 130Structural failure 130Understanding and analysing structures 131Repair and conservation of historic structures 133Summary and conclusion 1357 Conservation of materials 137Earth structures 139Building in earth 139Causes of decay and failure 141Principles and techniques of repair 142Thatch 143Thatching 143Causes of decay 144Principles and techniques of repair 144Timber 145Building with timber 145Causes of decay and failure 148Principles and techniques of repair 149Stone 152Building with stone 152Causes of decay and deterioration 154Principles and techniques of repair 155Bricks and clay roof tiles 159Building in brick 159Causes of decay and failure 160Principles and techniques of repair 160Tiles, faience and terracotta 163Tiles, faience and terracotta on buildings 163Causes of decay and failure 165Principles and techniques of repair 166Structural metals 166Structural use of metals in buildings 166Causes of decay and failure 168Principles and techniques of repair 169Sheet metals 169Sheet metals in buildings 169Causes of decay and failure 169Principles and techniques of repair 170Glass 172Renders, plasters and mortars 172Renders, plasters and mortars in building 172Causes of decay and failure 174Principles and techniques of repair 174Concrete 175Building in concrete 175Causes of decay and failure 175Principles and techniques of repair 175Plastics and resins 176Finishes 177Materials used for coatings and finishes 177Principles and techniques of conservation 178Cleaning surfaces 181Summary and conclusion 1828 Regeneration, reuse and design in the historic environment 185Urban regeneration 185Conservation-led regeneration 185Urban conservation 187Economic viability 191Adaptive reuse 194Design in the historic environment 197The context of townscape 197Architectural interventions 198Summary and conclusion 206Conclusion 208Glossary 211Bibliography 215Index 221