Rad Tech's Guide to MRI

Carolyn Kaut Roth, RT- MR - CT - M - CV - FSMRT, is a registered radiographer, who majored in physics at the University of Pennsylvania and received a clinical Master's degree in Magnetic Resonance for Radiographers at Anglia Polytechnic Cambridge United Kingdom. She has served on MRI Educational Task forces for The American Council for Education with the Department of Education for the Federal Government of the United States. She is currently the CEO of Imaging Education Associates, which is an education services company serving the medical imaging industry with a focus on continuing education programs for radiographers.

• 1 Patient Care and Safety for Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1Introduction to Patient Care and Safety for MRI 3Screening Patients and Personnel 3Ancillary Equipment and Implants 8Assessing and Monitoring 19Contrast Agents for MRI 21Life-Threatening Situations 24Safety Precautions for Placement of Electrical Conductors 24Environmental Considerations Temperature and Humidity 25Gauss Line and Magnetic Field Strength 25Emergency Procedures 27Quench 27Evacuation 29Biologic Considerations 29Radio Frequency Fields 29Static Field Strength 32FDA Guidelines for State Magnetic Fields 35Gradient Magnetic Fields (Time-Varying Magnetic Fields) 35Future Safety Considerations 382 Introduction to Clinical MRI Procedures 41Introduction to Clinical MR. 41Patient Preparation for Clinical: MRI 42Special Considerations for Pediatric Patients 43Choosing the Right Protocol 43Parameters for Image Contrast in MRI 44Pulse Sequences 47Parameters for Signal-to-Noise and Resolution 51Creating Artifact-Free Images 53Types of FDA-Approved Contrast Agents 553 Imaging Procedures: Head and Neck Imaging. 57Introduction of Head and Neck MRI 57Standard Protocols for Imaging of the Brain 58Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain 60Patient Set-Up and Positioning for Brain Imaging 64Indicators for Contrast Agents for Brain Imaging 65Indicators for High-Resolution Brain Imaging 674 Spine Imaging Procedures 71Introduction to Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging 71Standard Protocols for Imaging the Spine 72Additional Spine Sequences for High Resolution 74Anatomy and Physiology of the Spine 74Patient Set-Up and Positioning for Spine Imaging 76Indicators for Contrast Agents for Spine Imaging 79Cervical Spine Imaging 80Thoracic Spine Imaging 80Lumber Spine Imaging 825 Musculoskeletal Imaging Procedures 85Introduction to Musculoskeletal Magnetic Resonance Imaging 86Standard Protocols for Imaging the Musculoskeletal System 86Patient Set-Up and Positioning for Musculoskeletal Imaging 90Indicators for Contrast for Musculoskeletal Imaging 92Standard Dose and Administration for Gadolinium 92Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular joint 93Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Upper Extremities 94Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lower Extremities 1016 Thorax Imaging Procedures. 111Introduction to Thorax Magnetic Resonance Imaging 111Standard Protocols for Imaging the Thorax 112Patient Set-Up and Positioning for Thorax Imaging 116Indicators for Contrast Agents for Thorax Imaging 121Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast 1237 Abdomen Imaging Procedures 131Introduction to Abdomen Magnetic Resonance Imaging 131Standard Protocols for Imaging the Abdomen 132Anatomy and Physiology of the Abdomen 136Patient Set-Up and Positioning for Abdomen Imaging 138Indicators for Contrast Agents for Abdomen Imaging 1408 Pelvis Imaging Procedures 143Introduction to Pelvis Magnetic Resonance Imaging 143Standard Protocols for Imaging the Pelvis 144Patient Set-Up and Positioning for Pelvis Imaging 144Indicators for Contrast Agents for Pelvis Imaging 146Standard Dose and Administration for Gadolinium 147Standard Protocols for Female Pelvis MRI 147Standard Protocols for Male Pelvis MRI 1529 Vascular Imaging Procedures 155Introduction to Vascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging 156Flow Imaging: An Overview 156Magnetic Resonance Angiography: An Overview 158Body Magnetic Resonance Angiography Changes 163Anatomy and Physiology of the Vascular System 166