Naomi Pasachoff is a research associate at Williams College. Robert Littman is a professor of classics at the University of Hawai'i.

• Part 1 Part I: Biblical Period, 1600-538 B.C.E.Chapter 2 Abraham and the PatriarchsChapter 3 MosesChapter 4 The Ten Commandments and the Revelation at SinaiChapter 5 The Hebrew BibleChapter 6 Archaeology and the BibleChapter 7 Saul and the Establishment of the KingdomChapter 8 King DavidChapter 9 Solomon and the First TempleChapter 10 The Divided KingdomChapter 11 Amos and HoseaChapter 12 Isaiah and HezekiahChapter 13 The Fall of JerusalemChapter 14 JeremiahChapter 15 The Babylonian Exile and the ReturnChapter 16 Ezra and NehemiahPart 17 Part II: Second Temple Period, 538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.Chapter 18 HellenismChapter 19 Judah MaccabeeChapter 20 The Hasmoenan StateChapter 21 Herod the GreatChapter 22 The Pharisees and Sadducees and Hillel and ShammaiChapter 23 The Diaspora during the Roman EmpireChapter 24 JesusChapter 25 Peter, Paul, and Early ChristianityChapter 26 The Dead Sea ScrollsChapter 27 The Jewish War (66-70 C.E.)Chapter 28 The Destruction of the TempleChapter 29 The Fall of MasadaPart 30 Part III: Rabbinic Period, 70-600 C.E.Chapter 31 Yohanan ben Zakkai and the Sanhedrin at YavnehChapter 32 Bar KokhbaChapter 33 Rabbi Judah the Prince and the Redaction of the MishnahChapter 34 Constantine and ChristianityChapter 35 The Jews of BabylonChapter 36 The Jerusalem and Babylonian TalmudsPart 37 Part IV: Medieval Period, 600-1450Chapter 38 MohammedChapter 39 The KaraitesChapter 40 The Jews in the Muslim World before 1400Chapter 41 The Jews of ItalyChapter 42 The Jews of SpainChapter 43 A 12th-Century Zionist: Judah HaLeviChapter 44 The Legacy of MaimonidesChapter 45 Nahamides and the 1263 DisputationChapter 46 The Bible of the Jewish Mystics: The ZoharChapter 47 The Jews of England: Massacre and ExpulsionChapter 48 RashiChapter 49 The Inquisition and Expulsion from SpainChapter 50 The MarranosChapter 51 The Jews of Medieval GermanyPart 52 Part V: Transition to Modern Times, 1450-1750Chapter 53 Hebrew PrintingChapter 54 Martin Luther and the JewsChapter 55 The Jews of AmsterdamChapter 56 Isaac AbrabanelChapter 57 The Jews of Venice and the First GhettoChapter 58 Kabbalists at SafedChapter 59 Joseph Caro and the Shulhan ArukhChapter 60 The Excommunication of SpinozaChapter 61 Jews Arrive in the New WorldChapter 62 The Chmielnicki MassacresChapter 63 The Shabbetai Zevi AffairChapter 64 The Development of HasidismPart 65 Part VI: Early Modern Times, 1750-1917Chapter 66 Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish EnlightenmentChapter 67 EmancipationChapter 68 Religious Responses to Modern ChallengesChapter 69 The Pale of SettlementChapter 70 The House of RothschildChapter 71 Sir Moses Montefiore and 19th-Century Jewish HistoryChapter 72 Early Zionist VoicesChapter 73 Modern AntisemitismChapter 74 The Pogroms of 1881Chapter 75 The Beginnings of AliyahChapter 76 The Dreyfus AffairChapter 77 Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State, and the First Zionist CongressChapter 78 The Emergence of American Conservative JudaismChapter 79 The Kishinev PogromsChapter 80 The Uganda ControversyChapter 81 The Beilis Blood-Libel CaseChapter 82 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and the Emergence of Modern HebrewChapter 83 Tel Aviv and Deganyah: A New City and a New Type of CommunityChapter 84 The Balfour DeclarationPart 85 Part VII: The Modern Era, 1918 to PresentChapter 86 The British Mandate over Palestine: "The White Paper Regime"Chapter 87 The Protocols of the Elders of ZionChapter 88 The Open Door ClosesChapter 89 Birobidzhan: The Soviet Union's "Jewish Autonomous Region"Chapter 90 Mordecai Kaplan and Reconstructionist JudaismChapter 91 Kristallnacht: The Night of the Broken GlassChapter 92 The Wannsee Conference: Genocide Becomes State PolicyChapter 93 The Warsaw Ghetto UprisingChapter 94 The Exodus 1947 and Illegal AliyahChapter 95 The UN Partition ResolutionChapter 96 The Birth of the State of IsraelChapter 97 Jerusalem and Israel's War of IndependenceChapter 98 "Operation Magic Carpet" and "Operation Ezra and Nehemiah"Chapter 99 German Restitution to Victims of NazismChapter 100 The "Doctors' Plot": Prelude to Stalin's "Final Solution"?Chapter 101 The Sinai CampaignChapter 102 The Eichmann TrialChapter 103 The Six-Day WarChapter 104 The Yom Kippur WarChapter 105 Peace with EgyptChapter 106 The Ordination of Female RabbisChapter 107 The Falashas Arrive in IsraelChapter 108 The Jewish People Enter the 21st Century

Naomi Pasachoff is a research associate at Williams College. Robert Littman is a professor of classics at the University of Hawai'i.

• Part 1 Part I: Biblical Period, 1600-538 B.C.E.Chapter 2 Abraham and the PatriarchsChapter 3 MosesChapter 4 The Ten Commandments and the Revelation at SinaiChapter 5 The Hebrew BibleChapter 6 Archaeology and the BibleChapter 7 Saul and the Establishment of the KingdomChapter 8 King DavidChapter 9 Solomon and the First TempleChapter 10 The Divided KingdomChapter 11 Amos and HoseaChapter 12 Isaiah and HezekiahChapter 13 The Fall of JerusalemChapter 14 JeremiahChapter 15 The Babylonian Exile and the ReturnChapter 16 Ezra and NehemiahPart 17 Part II: Second Temple Period, 538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.Chapter 18 HellenismChapter 19 Judah MaccabeeChapter 20 The Hasmoenan StateChapter 21 Herod the GreatChapter 22 The Pharisees and Sadducees and Hillel and ShammaiChapter 23 The Diaspora during the Roman EmpireChapter 24 JesusChapter 25 Peter, Paul, and Early ChristianityChapter 26 The Dead Sea ScrollsChapter 27 The Jewish War (66-70 C.E.)Chapter 28 The Destruction of the TempleChapter 29 The Fall of MasadaPart 30 Part III: Rabbinic Period, 70-600 C.E.Chapter 31 Yohanan ben Zakkai and the Sanhedrin at YavnehChapter 32 Bar KokhbaChapter 33 Rabbi Judah the Prince and the Redaction of the MishnahChapter 34 Constantine and ChristianityChapter 35 The Jews of BabylonChapter 36 The Jerusalem and Babylonian TalmudsPart 37 Part IV: Medieval Period, 600-1450Chapter 38 MohammedChapter 39 The KaraitesChapter 40 The Jews in the Muslim World before 1400Chapter 41 The Jews of ItalyChapter 42 The Jews of SpainChapter 43 A 12th-Century Zionist: Judah HaLeviChapter 44 The Legacy of MaimonidesChapter 45 Nahamides and the 1263 DisputationChapter 46 The Bible of the Jewish Mystics: The ZoharChapter 47 The Jews of England: Massacre and ExpulsionChapter 48 RashiChapter 49 The Inquisition and Expulsion from SpainChapter 50 The MarranosChapter 51 The Jews of Medieval GermanyPart 52 Part V: Transition to Modern Times, 1450-1750Chapter 53 Hebrew PrintingChapter 54 Martin Luther and the JewsChapter 55 The Jews of AmsterdamChapter 56 Isaac AbrabanelChapter 57 The Jews of Venice and the First GhettoChapter 58 Kabbalists at SafedChapter 59 Joseph Caro and the Shulhan ArukhChapter 60 The Excommunication of SpinozaChapter 61 Jews Arrive in the New WorldChapter 62 The Chmielnicki MassacresChapter 63 The Shabbetai Zevi AffairChapter 64 The Development of HasidismPart 65 Part VI: Early Modern Times, 1750-1917Chapter 66 Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish EnlightenmentChapter 67 EmancipationChapter 68 Religious Responses to Modern ChallengesChapter 69 The Pale of SettlementChapter 70 The House of RothschildChapter 71 Sir Moses Montefiore and 19th-Century Jewish HistoryChapter 72 Early Zionist VoicesChapter 73 Modern AntisemitismChapter 74 The Pogroms of 1881Chapter 75 The Beginnings of AliyahChapter 76 The Dreyfus AffairChapter 77 Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State, and the First Zionist CongressChapter 78 The Emergence of American Conservative JudaismChapter 79 The Kishinev PogromsChapter 80 The Uganda ControversyChapter 81 The Beilis Blood-Libel CaseChapter 82 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and the Emergence of Modern HebrewChapter 83 Tel Aviv and Deganyah: A New City and a New Type of CommunityChapter 84 The Balfour DeclarationPart 85 Part VII: The Modern Era, 1918 to PresentChapter 86 The British Mandate over Palestine: "The White Paper Regime"Chapter 87 The Protocols of the Elders of ZionChapter 88 The Open Door ClosesChapter 89 Birobidzhan: The Soviet Union's "Jewish Autonomous Region"Chapter 90 Mordecai Kaplan and Reconstructionist JudaismChapter 91 Kristallnacht: The Night of the Broken GlassChapter 92 The Wannsee Conference: Genocide Becomes State PolicyChapter 93 The Warsaw Ghetto UprisingChapter 94 The Exodus 1947 and Illegal AliyahChapter 95 The UN Partition ResolutionChapter 96 The Birth of the State of IsraelChapter 97 Jerusalem and Israel's War of IndependenceChapter 98 "Operation Magic Carpet" and "Operation Ezra and Nehemiah"Chapter 99 German Restitution to Victims of NazismChapter 100 The "Doctors' Plot": Prelude to Stalin's "Final Solution"?Chapter 101 The Sinai CampaignChapter 102 The Eichmann TrialChapter 103 The Six-Day WarChapter 104 The Yom Kippur WarChapter 105 Peace with EgyptChapter 106 The Ordination of Female RabbisChapter 107 The Falashas Arrive in IsraelChapter 108 The Jewish People Enter the 21st Century

Naomi Pasachoff is a research associate at Williams College. Robert Littman is a professor of classics at the University of Hawai'i.

• Part 1 Part I: Biblical Period, 1600-538 B.C.E.Chapter 2 Abraham and the PatriarchsChapter 3 MosesChapter 4 The Ten Commandments and the Revelation at SinaiChapter 5 The Hebrew BibleChapter 6 Archaeology and the BibleChapter 7 Saul and the Establishment of the KingdomChapter 8 King DavidChapter 9 Solomon and the First TempleChapter 10 The Divided KingdomChapter 11 Amos and HoseaChapter 12 Isaiah and HezekiahChapter 13 The Fall of JerusalemChapter 14 JeremiahChapter 15 The Babylonian Exile and the ReturnChapter 16 Ezra and NehemiahPart 17 Part II: Second Temple Period, 538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.Chapter 18 HellenismChapter 19 Judah MaccabeeChapter 20 The Hasmoenan StateChapter 21 Herod the GreatChapter 22 The Pharisees and Sadducees and Hillel and ShammaiChapter 23 The Diaspora during the Roman EmpireChapter 24 JesusChapter 25 Peter, Paul, and Early ChristianityChapter 26 The Dead Sea ScrollsChapter 27 The Jewish War (66-70 C.E.)Chapter 28 The Destruction of the TempleChapter 29 The Fall of MasadaPart 30 Part III: Rabbinic Period, 70-600 C.E.Chapter 31 Yohanan ben Zakkai and the Sanhedrin at YavnehChapter 32 Bar KokhbaChapter 33 Rabbi Judah the Prince and the Redaction of the MishnahChapter 34 Constantine and ChristianityChapter 35 The Jews of BabylonChapter 36 The Jerusalem and Babylonian TalmudsPart 37 Part IV: Medieval Period, 600-1450Chapter 38 MohammedChapter 39 The KaraitesChapter 40 The Jews in the Muslim World before 1400Chapter 41 The Jews of ItalyChapter 42 The Jews of SpainChapter 43 A 12th-Century Zionist: Judah HaLeviChapter 44 The Legacy of MaimonidesChapter 45 Nahamides and the 1263 DisputationChapter 46 The Bible of the Jewish Mystics: The ZoharChapter 47 The Jews of England: Massacre and ExpulsionChapter 48 RashiChapter 49 The Inquisition and Expulsion from SpainChapter 50 The MarranosChapter 51 The Jews of Medieval GermanyPart 52 Part V: Transition to Modern Times, 1450-1750Chapter 53 Hebrew PrintingChapter 54 Martin Luther and the JewsChapter 55 The Jews of AmsterdamChapter 56 Isaac AbrabanelChapter 57 The Jews of Venice and the First GhettoChapter 58 Kabbalists at SafedChapter 59 Joseph Caro and the Shulhan ArukhChapter 60 The Excommunication of SpinozaChapter 61 Jews Arrive in the New WorldChapter 62 The Chmielnicki MassacresChapter 63 The Shabbetai Zevi AffairChapter 64 The Development of HasidismPart 65 Part VI: Early Modern Times, 1750-1917Chapter 66 Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish EnlightenmentChapter 67 EmancipationChapter 68 Religious Responses to Modern ChallengesChapter 69 The Pale of SettlementChapter 70 The House of RothschildChapter 71 Sir Moses Montefiore and 19th-Century Jewish HistoryChapter 72 Early Zionist VoicesChapter 73 Modern AntisemitismChapter 74 The Pogroms of 1881Chapter 75 The Beginnings of AliyahChapter 76 The Dreyfus AffairChapter 77 Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State, and the First Zionist CongressChapter 78 The Emergence of American Conservative JudaismChapter 79 The Kishinev PogromsChapter 80 The Uganda ControversyChapter 81 The Beilis Blood-Libel CaseChapter 82 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and the Emergence of Modern HebrewChapter 83 Tel Aviv and Deganyah: A New City and a New Type of CommunityChapter 84 The Balfour DeclarationPart 85 Part VII: The Modern Era, 1918 to PresentChapter 86 The British Mandate over Palestine: "The White Paper Regime"Chapter 87 The Protocols of the Elders of ZionChapter 88 The Open Door ClosesChapter 89 Birobidzhan: The Soviet Union's "Jewish Autonomous Region"Chapter 90 Mordecai Kaplan and Reconstructionist JudaismChapter 91 Kristallnacht: The Night of the Broken GlassChapter 92 The Wannsee Conference: Genocide Becomes State PolicyChapter 93 The Warsaw Ghetto UprisingChapter 94 The Exodus 1947 and Illegal AliyahChapter 95 The UN Partition ResolutionChapter 96 The Birth of the State of IsraelChapter 97 Jerusalem and Israel's War of IndependenceChapter 98 "Operation Magic Carpet" and "Operation Ezra and Nehemiah"Chapter 99 German Restitution to Victims of NazismChapter 100 The "Doctors' Plot": Prelude to Stalin's "Final Solution"?Chapter 101 The Sinai CampaignChapter 102 The Eichmann TrialChapter 103 The Six-Day WarChapter 104 The Yom Kippur WarChapter 105 Peace with EgyptChapter 106 The Ordination of Female RabbisChapter 107 The Falashas Arrive in IsraelChapter 108 The Jewish People Enter the 21st Century