Wyn Johnson is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex and has taught phonology for the last 26 years. Over this period Wyn Johnson have become familiar with many aspects of theoretical phonology, up to and including Optimality Theory, as well as developing material in areas of applied and descriptive phonology such as Sociophonology and phonological acquisition. Wyn Johnson has designed and has been teaching since 2003, the graduate module on phonological acquisition which forms the basis for this book. Paula Reimers is Research Fellow at the Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex and has taught undergraduate phonetics/phonology courses for the past four years as well as tutoring graduate students in phonological analysis. Paula Reimers Ph.D. thesis is on the theoretical aspect of phonological acquisition; specifically, investigating the role played by markedness, a concept that is central to linguistic theory of acquisition. She continues to study manifestations of linguistic markedness across various fields.

"Overall, Johnson & Reimers provide an excellent and much-needed overview of child-language phenomena, especially in production. Particular strengths include the cross-linguistic data-richness and the comparisons with patterns in adult grammars, as well as the inclusion of data from animal and general human cognition. These features make it a valuable addition to courses in language acquisition and in phonology generally, as well as an outstanding reference and teaching resource for practising phonologists and acquisitionists."

• PrefaceConventionsThe International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)1. Universal patterns 2. Strategies 3. Linguistic models 4. The earliest stages 5. Non-linguistic perspectives 6. Towards production7. Patterns within patterns8. Concluding remarks Appendix 1 Data source list for Chapter 1 Appendix 2 Some definitions References Index

Wyn Johnson is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex and has taught phonology for the last 26 years. Over this period Wyn Johnson have become familiar with many aspects of theoretical phonology, up to and including Optimality Theory, as well as developing material in areas of applied and descriptive phonology such as Sociophonology and phonological acquisition. Wyn Johnson has designed and has been teaching since 2003, the graduate module on phonological acquisition which forms the basis for this book. Paula Reimers is Research Fellow at the Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex and has taught undergraduate phonetics/phonology courses for the past four years as well as tutoring graduate students in phonological analysis. Paula Reimers Ph.D. thesis is on the theoretical aspect of phonological acquisition; specifically, investigating the role played by markedness, a concept that is central to linguistic theory of acquisition. She continues to study manifestations of linguistic markedness across various fields.

"Overall, Johnson & Reimers provide an excellent and much-needed overview of child-language phenomena, especially in production. Particular strengths include the cross-linguistic data-richness and the comparisons with patterns in adult grammars, as well as the inclusion of data from animal and general human cognition. These features make it a valuable addition to courses in language acquisition and in phonology generally, as well as an outstanding reference and teaching resource for practising phonologists and acquisitionists."

• PrefaceConventionsThe International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)1. Universal patterns 2. Strategies 3. Linguistic models 4. The earliest stages 5. Non-linguistic perspectives 6. Towards production7. Patterns within patterns8. Concluding remarks Appendix 1 Data source list for Chapter 1 Appendix 2 Some definitions References Index

Wyn Johnson is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex and has taught phonology for the last 26 years. Over this period Wyn Johnson have become familiar with many aspects of theoretical phonology, up to and including Optimality Theory, as well as developing material in areas of applied and descriptive phonology such as Sociophonology and phonological acquisition. Wyn Johnson has designed and has been teaching since 2003, the graduate module on phonological acquisition which forms the basis for this book. Paula Reimers is Research Fellow at the Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex and has taught undergraduate phonetics/phonology courses for the past four years as well as tutoring graduate students in phonological analysis. Paula Reimers Ph.D. thesis is on the theoretical aspect of phonological acquisition; specifically, investigating the role played by markedness, a concept that is central to linguistic theory of acquisition. She continues to study manifestations of linguistic markedness across various fields.

"Overall, Johnson & Reimers provide an excellent and much-needed overview of child-language phenomena, especially in production. Particular strengths include the cross-linguistic data-richness and the comparisons with patterns in adult grammars, as well as the inclusion of data from animal and general human cognition. These features make it a valuable addition to courses in language acquisition and in phonology generally, as well as an outstanding reference and teaching resource for practising phonologists and acquisitionists."

• PrefaceConventionsThe International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)1. Universal patterns 2. Strategies 3. Linguistic models 4. The earliest stages 5. Non-linguistic perspectives 6. Towards production7. Patterns within patterns8. Concluding remarks Appendix 1 Data source list for Chapter 1 Appendix 2 Some definitions References Index