Tarcisio Gazzini is Associate Professor of Law, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Nicholas Tsagourias is Professor of International Law and Security, University of Glasgow, UK

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• Contents: Introduction; Part I Ancient-Medieval: War, peace, and international law in Ancient Greece, Victor Alonso; The evolution of the concept of the just war in international law, Joachim von Elbe; War and peace in Islam, Bassam Tibi. Part II League of Nations Era: International law and resort to armed force, J.L. Brierly; Collective security, Arnold D. McNair. Part III United Nations Era: Collective security and collective self-defense under the Charter of the United Nations, Hans Kelsen; Bellum justum and bellum legale, Josef L. Kunz; Who killed Art. 2 (4)? Or: changing norms governing the use of force by states, Thomas M. Franck; The reports of the death of Article 2 (4) are greatly exaggerated, Louis Henkin; In defense of international rules on the use of force, Oscar Schachter; The exception of self-defence in UN practice, Jean Combacau; Reprisals involving recourse to armed force, Derek Bowett; Armed reprisals, Roberto Barsotti. Part IV Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction and Information Warfare: On the necessity of pre-emption, Abraham D. Sofaer; International law and the pre-emptive use of force: Afghanistan, Al-Qaida, and Iraq, Christopher Greenwood; The use of force against terrorists, Christian J. Tams; Computer network attack and the use of force in international law: thoughts on a normative framework, Michael N. Schmitt; Information warfare as international coercion: elements of a legal framework, Christopher C. Joyner and Catherine Lotrionte. Part V Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: The customary international law doctrine of humanitarian intervention: its current validity under the U.N. Charter, Jean-Pierre L. Fonteyne; Humanitarian intervention: legality, justice and legitimacy, Terry D. Gill; The responsibility to protect, Spencer Zifcak; The responsibility to protect doctrine and humanitarian intervention: too many ambiguities for a working doctrine, Carlo Focarelli; Name index.