Larbi Sadiki is Professor of Arab Democratization. He is editor of Routledge Studies of Middle Eastern Democratization and Government, and Editor-in-Chief of the journal PROTEST. He is director of the Tunis-based Democratic Sustainability Forum (Demos). He is currently Senior Fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, Qatar. Layla Saleh is Associate Professor of International Affairs at Qatar University, Qatar and Associate Editor of the journal PROTEST. She is co-founder of the Democratic Sustainability Forum (Demos). Her publications include the book US Hard Power in the Arab World: Resistance, the Syrian Uprising, and the War on Terror (2017).

In the Middle East and North Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the political, economic, and societal fissures that contributed to and were exacerbated by the Arab revolutions and counterrevolutions. In this highly recommended volume, editors Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh offer a fascinating examination of the pandemic's impact on citizens, refugees, and migrant workers. The editors and contributors admirably offer suggested reforms for a more just and equitable post-pandemic MENA region.

• 1. MENA Risk Society and the “Pandemic Condition” Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh Part I: The Gulf 2. Small States of the Arab Gulf: Diplomatic Dimensions of a Pandemic, Beverley Milton-Edwards3. Accelerating AI-led Structural Transformation of the GCC Migration Regimes in the Wake of COVID-19 and the Implications for the Labor-Exporting Countries, Abdul Ghaffar Mughal and and Ali A.Hadi Alshawi4.Socioeconomic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the GCC Countries: Threats and Opportunities, Héla Miniaoui1 and Anis KhayatiPart II: The Maghreb (Western MENA)5. North Africa and the Pandemic, Mohamed El Hachimi6. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Political and Social Frames in Morocco from a Democratic Perspective, Aisha Kadaoui Part III: The Mashreq (Eastern MENA)7. Risking Health Security: Coronavirus-19, the WHO, and the Limits of the State in Egypt Mohammed, Moussa and Takayuki Yokota 8. Dual Combat: Resisting COVID-19 and the Israeli Occupation, Basem Ezbidi 9 Crisis and Ceding of State Sovereignty: The Case of Lebanon and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Assem DandashlyPart IV: Wider MENA10. Gendering Security: The Impact of COVID-19 on Refugee Womenin Turkey Ravza Altuntas-Çakir, Aysegül Gökalp Kutlu, and Fatmanur Delioglu 11. Risky Pedagogies: Macro- and Micro-Politics of the Virus in the Times of COVID-19 Epidemic Maziyar GhiabiPart V: Regional Perspectives12. EU-MENA Relations amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Between Economic Issues, Migration Challenges and Authoritarian Risk, Pietro Marzo and Renata Pepicelli 13. The Post-Pandemic Bifurcation: Democratization versus Oligarchy Radicalization in the Arab World, Mudar KassisConclusion14. A Matter of Pandemics, Politics, and Academics: The Conundrums of Researching COVID-19 in MENA, Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh Index

Larbi Sadiki is Professor of Arab Democratization. He is editor of Routledge Studies of Middle Eastern Democratization and Government, and Editor-in-Chief of the journal PROTEST. He is director of the Tunis-based Democratic Sustainability Forum (Demos). He is currently Senior Fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, Qatar. Layla Saleh is Associate Professor of International Affairs at Qatar University, Qatar and Associate Editor of the journal PROTEST. She is co-founder of the Democratic Sustainability Forum (Demos). Her publications include the book US Hard Power in the Arab World: Resistance, the Syrian Uprising, and the War on Terror (2017).

In the Middle East and North Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the political, economic, and societal fissures that contributed to and were exacerbated by the Arab revolutions and counterrevolutions. In this highly recommended volume, editors Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh offer a fascinating examination of the pandemic's impact on citizens, refugees, and migrant workers. The editors and contributors admirably offer suggested reforms for a more just and equitable post-pandemic MENA region.

• 1. MENA Risk Society and the “Pandemic Condition” Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh Part I: The Gulf 2. Small States of the Arab Gulf: Diplomatic Dimensions of a Pandemic, Beverley Milton-Edwards3. Accelerating AI-led Structural Transformation of the GCC Migration Regimes in the Wake of COVID-19 and the Implications for the Labor-Exporting Countries, Abdul Ghaffar Mughal and and Ali A.Hadi Alshawi4.Socioeconomic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the GCC Countries: Threats and Opportunities, Héla Miniaoui1 and Anis KhayatiPart II: The Maghreb (Western MENA)5. North Africa and the Pandemic, Mohamed El Hachimi6. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Political and Social Frames in Morocco from a Democratic Perspective, Aisha Kadaoui Part III: The Mashreq (Eastern MENA)7. Risking Health Security: Coronavirus-19, the WHO, and the Limits of the State in Egypt Mohammed, Moussa and Takayuki Yokota 8. Dual Combat: Resisting COVID-19 and the Israeli Occupation, Basem Ezbidi 9 Crisis and Ceding of State Sovereignty: The Case of Lebanon and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Assem DandashlyPart IV: Wider MENA10. Gendering Security: The Impact of COVID-19 on Refugee Womenin Turkey Ravza Altuntas-Çakir, Aysegül Gökalp Kutlu, and Fatmanur Delioglu 11. Risky Pedagogies: Macro- and Micro-Politics of the Virus in the Times of COVID-19 Epidemic Maziyar GhiabiPart V: Regional Perspectives12. EU-MENA Relations amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Between Economic Issues, Migration Challenges and Authoritarian Risk, Pietro Marzo and Renata Pepicelli 13. The Post-Pandemic Bifurcation: Democratization versus Oligarchy Radicalization in the Arab World, Mudar KassisConclusion14. A Matter of Pandemics, Politics, and Academics: The Conundrums of Researching COVID-19 in MENA, Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh Index

Larbi Sadiki is Professor of Arab Democratization. He is editor of Routledge Studies of Middle Eastern Democratization and Government, and Editor-in-Chief of the journal PROTEST. He is director of the Tunis-based Democratic Sustainability Forum (Demos). He is currently Senior Fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, Qatar. Layla Saleh is Associate Professor of International Affairs at Qatar University, Qatar and Associate Editor of the journal PROTEST. She is co-founder of the Democratic Sustainability Forum (Demos). Her publications include the book US Hard Power in the Arab World: Resistance, the Syrian Uprising, and the War on Terror (2017).

In the Middle East and North Africa, the COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the political, economic, and societal fissures that contributed to and were exacerbated by the Arab revolutions and counterrevolutions. In this highly recommended volume, editors Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh offer a fascinating examination of the pandemic's impact on citizens, refugees, and migrant workers. The editors and contributors admirably offer suggested reforms for a more just and equitable post-pandemic MENA region.

• 1. MENA Risk Society and the “Pandemic Condition” Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh Part I: The Gulf 2. Small States of the Arab Gulf: Diplomatic Dimensions of a Pandemic, Beverley Milton-Edwards3. Accelerating AI-led Structural Transformation of the GCC Migration Regimes in the Wake of COVID-19 and the Implications for the Labor-Exporting Countries, Abdul Ghaffar Mughal and and Ali A.Hadi Alshawi4.Socioeconomic Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the GCC Countries: Threats and Opportunities, Héla Miniaoui1 and Anis KhayatiPart II: The Maghreb (Western MENA)5. North Africa and the Pandemic, Mohamed El Hachimi6. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Political and Social Frames in Morocco from a Democratic Perspective, Aisha Kadaoui Part III: The Mashreq (Eastern MENA)7. Risking Health Security: Coronavirus-19, the WHO, and the Limits of the State in Egypt Mohammed, Moussa and Takayuki Yokota 8. Dual Combat: Resisting COVID-19 and the Israeli Occupation, Basem Ezbidi 9 Crisis and Ceding of State Sovereignty: The Case of Lebanon and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Assem DandashlyPart IV: Wider MENA10. Gendering Security: The Impact of COVID-19 on Refugee Womenin Turkey Ravza Altuntas-Çakir, Aysegül Gökalp Kutlu, and Fatmanur Delioglu 11. Risky Pedagogies: Macro- and Micro-Politics of the Virus in the Times of COVID-19 Epidemic Maziyar GhiabiPart V: Regional Perspectives12. EU-MENA Relations amid COVID-19 Pandemic. Between Economic Issues, Migration Challenges and Authoritarian Risk, Pietro Marzo and Renata Pepicelli 13. The Post-Pandemic Bifurcation: Democratization versus Oligarchy Radicalization in the Arab World, Mudar KassisConclusion14. A Matter of Pandemics, Politics, and Academics: The Conundrums of Researching COVID-19 in MENA, Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh Index