Eugene C. Roehlkepartain is senior adviser in the office of the president, Search Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he provides leadership for research, publishing, training, and consulting projects that focus on spiritual development, as well as the institute’s work with congregations of all faiths. Roehlkepartain has written more than 25 books and reports, and numerous newspaper, magazine, and journal articles on youth development, families and parenting, community building, religious and spiritual development, and related issues. In addition to editing this volume, he is a coeditor of Religious Perspectives on Spirituality in Childhood and Adolescence (2005). He holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism and religion from Baylor University in Waco, Texas.Pamela Ebstyne King serves as research assistant professor of psychology in the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development in the School of Psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. Her primary research and teaching interests include positive youth development, spiritual and moral development, and theological perspectives of development. She is particularly interested in enabling thriving through families, congregations, schools, and youth-serving organizations. Ordained in the Presbyterian Church (USA), Dr. King has a background in child, youth, and adult ministry; a master’s of divinity; and Ph.D. in family studies from Fuller Theological Seminary. She was a visiting scholar under the Divinity Faculty at Cambridge University and did her postdoctoral work at the Stanford Center on Adolescence. Dr. King is a coauthor of The Reciprocating Self: Human Development in Theological Perspective (2005). Her research has been published in Developmental Psychology, Applied Developmental Science, the Journal of Early Adolescence, and the Journal of Psychology and Christianity.  Linda M. Wagener is associate professor of psychology and associate dean of the graduate school of psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary, where she is also codirector of the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development. Her research interests include positive youth development, with a particular focus on the spiritual, religious, and moral development of adolescence. Dr. Wagener is currently a principal investigator on an adolescent violence prevention grant from the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Peter L. Benson is president of Search Institute, which provides leadership, knowledge, and resources to promote healthy children, youth, and communities. He has written extensively in adolescent development, altruism, spiritual development, and thriving in adolescence. He serves as principal investigator for Search Institute’s initiative on spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. In 1991, he received the William James Award for career contributions to the psychology of religion from the American Psychological Association. Dr. Benson is the author or editor of numerous books and articles, including Developmental Assets and Asset-Building Communities, All Kids Are Our Kids: What Communities Must Do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents, and Religion on Capitol Hill: Myths and Realities. He is general editor for the Search Institute Series on Developmentally Attentive Community and Society, published by Springer. He holds a doctorate in experimental social psychology from the University of Denver.

"The editors recognize that spirituality, long neglected by psychologists, has recently come back into fashion.  Because of the long exile, many psychologists are illiterate about religious scholarship.  These editors know the field and are qualified to serve as guides to assist their psychologist colleagues in gaining an introduction and immersion….Timely and worthwhile."

• Editors’ Preface1. Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Moving to the Scientific Mainstream - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain, Peter L. Benson, Pamela Ebstyne King, and Linda M. WagenerPART I FOUNDATIONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCEIntroduction2. Toward a Developmental Analysis of Religious and Spiritual Development - W. George Scarlett3. Stages of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence: Reflections on Three Decades of Faith Development Theory - James W. Fowler and Mary Lynn Dell4. Spiritual Development: Intersections and Divergence With Religious Development - David Hay, K. Helmut Reich, and Michael Utsch5. On Making Humans Human: Spirituality and the Promotion of Positive Youth Development - Richard M. Lerner, Amy E. Alberts, Pamela M. Anderson, and Elizabeth M. Dowling6. Philosophical Issues in Spiritual Education and Development - Hanan A. Alexander and David Carr7. Measurement and Research Design in Studying Spiritual Development - Richard L. Gorsuch and Donald WalkerPART II DESCRIPTIVE APPROACHES TO SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction8. The Demographics of Spirituality Among Youth: International Perspectives - Laura H. Lippman and Julie Dombrowski Keith 9. The Changing Global Context of Adolescent Spirituality - Suman Verma and Madelene Sta. Maria10. Spiritual and Religious Pathology in Childhood and Adolescence - Linda M. Wagener and H. Newton Malony11. Non-Western Approaches to Spiritual Development Among Infants and Young Children: A Case Study From West Africa - Alma Gottlieb12. Spiritual Experiences and Capacities of Children and Youth - Tobin HartPART III SPIRITUALITY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORING CONNECTIONSIntroduction13. A Neuropsychological Perspective of Spiritual Development - Andrew B. Newberg and Stephanie K. Newberg14. Attachment and Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence - Pehr Granqvist and Jane R. Dickie15. Cognitive-Cultural Foundations of Spiritual Development - Carl N. Johnson and Chris J. Boyatzis16. The Relationship Between Moral and Spiritual Development - Lawrence J. Walker and Kevin S. Reimer17. The Relationship Between Spiritual Development and Civic Development - Thomas M. Donnelly, M. Kyle Matsuba, Daniel Hart, and Robert Atkins18. The Relation Between Spiritual Development and Identity Processes - Janice L. Templeton and Jacquelynne S. Eccles19. Personality and Spiritual Development - Teresa T. Kneezel and Robert A. EmmonsPART IV THE ECOLOGIES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction20. Ethnicity, Culture, and Spiritual Development - Jacqueline S. Mattis, Muninder K. Ahluwalia, Sheri-Ann E. Cowie, and Aria M. Kirkland-Harris21. The Family as a Context for Religious and Spiritual Development in Children and Youth - Chris J. Boyatzis, David C. Dollahite, and Loren D. Marks22. Mentors, Friends, and Gurus: Peer and Nonparent Influences on Spiritual Development - Kelly Dean Schwartz, William M. Bukowski, and Wayne T. Aoki23. Congregations: Unexamined Crucibles for Spiritual Development - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain and Eboo PatelPART V DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction24. Religious Coping by Children and Adolescents: Unexplored Territory in the Realm of Spiritual Development - Annette Mahoney, Sara Pendleton, and Heidi Ihrke25. Resilience and Spirituality in Youth - Emily Crawford, Margaret O’Dougherty Wright, and Ann S. Masten26. Delinquency: A Quest for Moral and Spiritual Integrity? - Ronnie Frankel Blakeney and Charles David Blakeney27. Spiritual Development and Adolescent Well-Being and Thriving - Pamela Ebstyne King and Peter L. Benson28. Religion, Spirituality, and Children’s Physical Health - Doug Oman and Carl E. ThoresenPART VI TOWARD THE FUTURE IN PRACTICE, POLICY, AND RESEARCHIntroduction29. Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy With Youth: A Child-Centered Approach - Lisa Miller and Brien Kelley30. Bridging the Gap: From Social Science to Congregations, Researchers to Practitioners - Dean Borgman31. Integrating Spiritual Development Into Child and Youth Care Programs and Institutions - Daniel G. Scott and Douglas Magnuson32. Bridging to Public Policy and Civil Society - Steve Hornberger, Roberta Furtick Jones, and Robert L. Miller Jr.33. Childhood Spirituality: Strengthening the Research Foundation - Donald Ratcliff and Rebecca NyeDonald Ratcliff and Rebecca Nye34. The Science of Child and Adolescent Spiritual Development: Definitional, Theoretical, and Field-Building Challenges - Peter L. BensonAuthor IndexSubject IndexAbout the EditorsAbout the Contributors

Eugene C. Roehlkepartain is senior adviser in the office of the president, Search Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he provides leadership for research, publishing, training, and consulting projects that focus on spiritual development, as well as the institute’s work with congregations of all faiths. Roehlkepartain has written more than 25 books and reports, and numerous newspaper, magazine, and journal articles on youth development, families and parenting, community building, religious and spiritual development, and related issues. In addition to editing this volume, he is a coeditor of Religious Perspectives on Spirituality in Childhood and Adolescence (2005). He holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism and religion from Baylor University in Waco, Texas.Pamela Ebstyne King serves as research assistant professor of psychology in the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development in the School of Psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. Her primary research and teaching interests include positive youth development, spiritual and moral development, and theological perspectives of development. She is particularly interested in enabling thriving through families, congregations, schools, and youth-serving organizations. Ordained in the Presbyterian Church (USA), Dr. King has a background in child, youth, and adult ministry; a master’s of divinity; and Ph.D. in family studies from Fuller Theological Seminary. She was a visiting scholar under the Divinity Faculty at Cambridge University and did her postdoctoral work at the Stanford Center on Adolescence. Dr. King is a coauthor of The Reciprocating Self: Human Development in Theological Perspective (2005). Her research has been published in Developmental Psychology, Applied Developmental Science, the Journal of Early Adolescence, and the Journal of Psychology and Christianity.  Linda M. Wagener is associate professor of psychology and associate dean of the graduate school of psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary, where she is also codirector of the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development. Her research interests include positive youth development, with a particular focus on the spiritual, religious, and moral development of adolescence. Dr. Wagener is currently a principal investigator on an adolescent violence prevention grant from the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Peter L. Benson is president of Search Institute, which provides leadership, knowledge, and resources to promote healthy children, youth, and communities. He has written extensively in adolescent development, altruism, spiritual development, and thriving in adolescence. He serves as principal investigator for Search Institute’s initiative on spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. In 1991, he received the William James Award for career contributions to the psychology of religion from the American Psychological Association. Dr. Benson is the author or editor of numerous books and articles, including Developmental Assets and Asset-Building Communities, All Kids Are Our Kids: What Communities Must Do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents, and Religion on Capitol Hill: Myths and Realities. He is general editor for the Search Institute Series on Developmentally Attentive Community and Society, published by Springer. He holds a doctorate in experimental social psychology from the University of Denver.

"The editors recognize that spirituality, long neglected by psychologists, has recently come back into fashion.  Because of the long exile, many psychologists are illiterate about religious scholarship.  These editors know the field and are qualified to serve as guides to assist their psychologist colleagues in gaining an introduction and immersion….Timely and worthwhile."

• Editors’ Preface1. Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Moving to the Scientific Mainstream - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain, Peter L. Benson, Pamela Ebstyne King, and Linda M. WagenerPART I FOUNDATIONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCEIntroduction2. Toward a Developmental Analysis of Religious and Spiritual Development - W. George Scarlett3. Stages of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence: Reflections on Three Decades of Faith Development Theory - James W. Fowler and Mary Lynn Dell4. Spiritual Development: Intersections and Divergence With Religious Development - David Hay, K. Helmut Reich, and Michael Utsch5. On Making Humans Human: Spirituality and the Promotion of Positive Youth Development - Richard M. Lerner, Amy E. Alberts, Pamela M. Anderson, and Elizabeth M. Dowling6. Philosophical Issues in Spiritual Education and Development - Hanan A. Alexander and David Carr7. Measurement and Research Design in Studying Spiritual Development - Richard L. Gorsuch and Donald WalkerPART II DESCRIPTIVE APPROACHES TO SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction8. The Demographics of Spirituality Among Youth: International Perspectives - Laura H. Lippman and Julie Dombrowski Keith 9. The Changing Global Context of Adolescent Spirituality - Suman Verma and Madelene Sta. Maria10. Spiritual and Religious Pathology in Childhood and Adolescence - Linda M. Wagener and H. Newton Malony11. Non-Western Approaches to Spiritual Development Among Infants and Young Children: A Case Study From West Africa - Alma Gottlieb12. Spiritual Experiences and Capacities of Children and Youth - Tobin HartPART III SPIRITUALITY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORING CONNECTIONSIntroduction13. A Neuropsychological Perspective of Spiritual Development - Andrew B. Newberg and Stephanie K. Newberg14. Attachment and Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence - Pehr Granqvist and Jane R. Dickie15. Cognitive-Cultural Foundations of Spiritual Development - Carl N. Johnson and Chris J. Boyatzis16. The Relationship Between Moral and Spiritual Development - Lawrence J. Walker and Kevin S. Reimer17. The Relationship Between Spiritual Development and Civic Development - Thomas M. Donnelly, M. Kyle Matsuba, Daniel Hart, and Robert Atkins18. The Relation Between Spiritual Development and Identity Processes - Janice L. Templeton and Jacquelynne S. Eccles19. Personality and Spiritual Development - Teresa T. Kneezel and Robert A. EmmonsPART IV THE ECOLOGIES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction20. Ethnicity, Culture, and Spiritual Development - Jacqueline S. Mattis, Muninder K. Ahluwalia, Sheri-Ann E. Cowie, and Aria M. Kirkland-Harris21. The Family as a Context for Religious and Spiritual Development in Children and Youth - Chris J. Boyatzis, David C. Dollahite, and Loren D. Marks22. Mentors, Friends, and Gurus: Peer and Nonparent Influences on Spiritual Development - Kelly Dean Schwartz, William M. Bukowski, and Wayne T. Aoki23. Congregations: Unexamined Crucibles for Spiritual Development - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain and Eboo PatelPART V DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction24. Religious Coping by Children and Adolescents: Unexplored Territory in the Realm of Spiritual Development - Annette Mahoney, Sara Pendleton, and Heidi Ihrke25. Resilience and Spirituality in Youth - Emily Crawford, Margaret O’Dougherty Wright, and Ann S. Masten26. Delinquency: A Quest for Moral and Spiritual Integrity? - Ronnie Frankel Blakeney and Charles David Blakeney27. Spiritual Development and Adolescent Well-Being and Thriving - Pamela Ebstyne King and Peter L. Benson28. Religion, Spirituality, and Children’s Physical Health - Doug Oman and Carl E. ThoresenPART VI TOWARD THE FUTURE IN PRACTICE, POLICY, AND RESEARCHIntroduction29. Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy With Youth: A Child-Centered Approach - Lisa Miller and Brien Kelley30. Bridging the Gap: From Social Science to Congregations, Researchers to Practitioners - Dean Borgman31. Integrating Spiritual Development Into Child and Youth Care Programs and Institutions - Daniel G. Scott and Douglas Magnuson32. Bridging to Public Policy and Civil Society - Steve Hornberger, Roberta Furtick Jones, and Robert L. Miller Jr.33. Childhood Spirituality: Strengthening the Research Foundation - Donald Ratcliff and Rebecca NyeDonald Ratcliff and Rebecca Nye34. The Science of Child and Adolescent Spiritual Development: Definitional, Theoretical, and Field-Building Challenges - Peter L. BensonAuthor IndexSubject IndexAbout the EditorsAbout the Contributors

Eugene C. Roehlkepartain is senior adviser in the office of the president, Search Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he provides leadership for research, publishing, training, and consulting projects that focus on spiritual development, as well as the institute’s work with congregations of all faiths. Roehlkepartain has written more than 25 books and reports, and numerous newspaper, magazine, and journal articles on youth development, families and parenting, community building, religious and spiritual development, and related issues. In addition to editing this volume, he is a coeditor of Religious Perspectives on Spirituality in Childhood and Adolescence (2005). He holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism and religion from Baylor University in Waco, Texas.Pamela Ebstyne King serves as research assistant professor of psychology in the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development in the School of Psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. Her primary research and teaching interests include positive youth development, spiritual and moral development, and theological perspectives of development. She is particularly interested in enabling thriving through families, congregations, schools, and youth-serving organizations. Ordained in the Presbyterian Church (USA), Dr. King has a background in child, youth, and adult ministry; a master’s of divinity; and Ph.D. in family studies from Fuller Theological Seminary. She was a visiting scholar under the Divinity Faculty at Cambridge University and did her postdoctoral work at the Stanford Center on Adolescence. Dr. King is a coauthor of The Reciprocating Self: Human Development in Theological Perspective (2005). Her research has been published in Developmental Psychology, Applied Developmental Science, the Journal of Early Adolescence, and the Journal of Psychology and Christianity.  Linda M. Wagener is associate professor of psychology and associate dean of the graduate school of psychology at Fuller Theological Seminary, where she is also codirector of the Center for Research in Child and Adolescent Development. Her research interests include positive youth development, with a particular focus on the spiritual, religious, and moral development of adolescence. Dr. Wagener is currently a principal investigator on an adolescent violence prevention grant from the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Peter L. Benson is president of Search Institute, which provides leadership, knowledge, and resources to promote healthy children, youth, and communities. He has written extensively in adolescent development, altruism, spiritual development, and thriving in adolescence. He serves as principal investigator for Search Institute’s initiative on spiritual development in childhood and adolescence. In 1991, he received the William James Award for career contributions to the psychology of religion from the American Psychological Association. Dr. Benson is the author or editor of numerous books and articles, including Developmental Assets and Asset-Building Communities, All Kids Are Our Kids: What Communities Must Do to Raise Caring and Responsible Children and Adolescents, and Religion on Capitol Hill: Myths and Realities. He is general editor for the Search Institute Series on Developmentally Attentive Community and Society, published by Springer. He holds a doctorate in experimental social psychology from the University of Denver.

"The editors recognize that spirituality, long neglected by psychologists, has recently come back into fashion.  Because of the long exile, many psychologists are illiterate about religious scholarship.  These editors know the field and are qualified to serve as guides to assist their psychologist colleagues in gaining an introduction and immersion….Timely and worthwhile."

• Editors’ Preface1. Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Moving to the Scientific Mainstream - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain, Peter L. Benson, Pamela Ebstyne King, and Linda M. WagenerPART I FOUNDATIONS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCEIntroduction2. Toward a Developmental Analysis of Religious and Spiritual Development - W. George Scarlett3. Stages of Faith From Infancy Through Adolescence: Reflections on Three Decades of Faith Development Theory - James W. Fowler and Mary Lynn Dell4. Spiritual Development: Intersections and Divergence With Religious Development - David Hay, K. Helmut Reich, and Michael Utsch5. On Making Humans Human: Spirituality and the Promotion of Positive Youth Development - Richard M. Lerner, Amy E. Alberts, Pamela M. Anderson, and Elizabeth M. Dowling6. Philosophical Issues in Spiritual Education and Development - Hanan A. Alexander and David Carr7. Measurement and Research Design in Studying Spiritual Development - Richard L. Gorsuch and Donald WalkerPART II DESCRIPTIVE APPROACHES TO SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction8. The Demographics of Spirituality Among Youth: International Perspectives - Laura H. Lippman and Julie Dombrowski Keith 9. The Changing Global Context of Adolescent Spirituality - Suman Verma and Madelene Sta. Maria10. Spiritual and Religious Pathology in Childhood and Adolescence - Linda M. Wagener and H. Newton Malony11. Non-Western Approaches to Spiritual Development Among Infants and Young Children: A Case Study From West Africa - Alma Gottlieb12. Spiritual Experiences and Capacities of Children and Youth - Tobin HartPART III SPIRITUALITY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: EXPLORING CONNECTIONSIntroduction13. A Neuropsychological Perspective of Spiritual Development - Andrew B. Newberg and Stephanie K. Newberg14. Attachment and Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence - Pehr Granqvist and Jane R. Dickie15. Cognitive-Cultural Foundations of Spiritual Development - Carl N. Johnson and Chris J. Boyatzis16. The Relationship Between Moral and Spiritual Development - Lawrence J. Walker and Kevin S. Reimer17. The Relationship Between Spiritual Development and Civic Development - Thomas M. Donnelly, M. Kyle Matsuba, Daniel Hart, and Robert Atkins18. The Relation Between Spiritual Development and Identity Processes - Janice L. Templeton and Jacquelynne S. Eccles19. Personality and Spiritual Development - Teresa T. Kneezel and Robert A. EmmonsPART IV THE ECOLOGIES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction20. Ethnicity, Culture, and Spiritual Development - Jacqueline S. Mattis, Muninder K. Ahluwalia, Sheri-Ann E. Cowie, and Aria M. Kirkland-Harris21. The Family as a Context for Religious and Spiritual Development in Children and Youth - Chris J. Boyatzis, David C. Dollahite, and Loren D. Marks22. Mentors, Friends, and Gurus: Peer and Nonparent Influences on Spiritual Development - Kelly Dean Schwartz, William M. Bukowski, and Wayne T. Aoki23. Congregations: Unexamined Crucibles for Spiritual Development - Eugene C. Roehlkepartain and Eboo PatelPART V DEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES OF SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENTIntroduction24. Religious Coping by Children and Adolescents: Unexplored Territory in the Realm of Spiritual Development - Annette Mahoney, Sara Pendleton, and Heidi Ihrke25. Resilience and Spirituality in Youth - Emily Crawford, Margaret O’Dougherty Wright, and Ann S. Masten26. Delinquency: A Quest for Moral and Spiritual Integrity? - Ronnie Frankel Blakeney and Charles David Blakeney27. Spiritual Development and Adolescent Well-Being and Thriving - Pamela Ebstyne King and Peter L. Benson28. Religion, Spirituality, and Children’s Physical Health - Doug Oman and Carl E. ThoresenPART VI TOWARD THE FUTURE IN PRACTICE, POLICY, AND RESEARCHIntroduction29. Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy With Youth: A Child-Centered Approach - Lisa Miller and Brien Kelley30. Bridging the Gap: From Social Science to Congregations, Researchers to Practitioners - Dean Borgman31. Integrating Spiritual Development Into Child and Youth Care Programs and Institutions - Daniel G. Scott and Douglas Magnuson32. Bridging to Public Policy and Civil Society - Steve Hornberger, Roberta Furtick Jones, and Robert L. Miller Jr.33. Childhood Spirituality: Strengthening the Research Foundation - Donald Ratcliff and Rebecca NyeDonald Ratcliff and Rebecca Nye34. The Science of Child and Adolescent Spiritual Development: Definitional, Theoretical, and Field-Building Challenges - Peter L. BensonAuthor IndexSubject IndexAbout the EditorsAbout the Contributors