The New Era of Terrorism

Clarence Augustus “Gus” Martin is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Criminal Justice Administration at California State University, Dominguez Hills, where he teaches courses on criminal law, terrorism and extremism, and the criminal justice system. He served as the founding Chair of the department and as the founding Director of the School of Public Service and Justice. He also served as Associate Vice President for Human Resources Management, Acting Associate Dean of the College of Business Administration and Public Policy, Associate Vice President for Faculty Affairs, and Chair of the Department of Public Administration. He began his academic career as a member of the faculty of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, where he was an Administration of Justice professor. His current research and professional interests are terrorism and extremism, homeland security, and the administration of justice. Dr. Martin is author of several books on the subjects of terrorism and homeland security, including Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues (SAGE Publications, 2025); Terrorism and WMDs: Awareness and Response, Third Edition (with John Pichtel, CRC Press, 2025); Understanding Homeland Security (SAGE Publications, 2024); The Handbook of Homeland Security (with Scott Romaniuk and Martin Scott Catino; Routledge, 2023); Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and Controversies (SAGE Publications, 2022); Terrorism: An International Perspective (with Fynnwin Prager; SAGE Publications, 2019); The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition (SAGE Publications, 2011); Terrorism and Homeland Security (SAGE, 2011); and The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings (SAGE Publications, 2004). He is also author of Juvenile Justice: Process and Systems (SAGE Publications, 2005). Prior to joining academia, Dr. Martin served as Managing Attorney for the Fair Housing Partnership of Greater Pittsburgh, where he was also director of a program created under a federal consent decree to desegregate public and assisted housing. He was also Special Counsel to the Attorney General of the U.S. Virgin Islands on the island of St. Thomas. As Special Counsel, he occupied a personal and confidential position in the central office of the Department of Justice; sat as hearing officer for disciplinary hearings and departmental grievances; served as chair of the Drug Policy Committee; served as liaison to the intergovernmental Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee as well as to the Narcotics Strike Force; and provided daily legal and policy advice to the Attorney General. Prior to serving as Special Counsel, he was a “floor” Legislative Assistant to Congressman Charles B. Rangel of New York. As Legislative Assistant, he researched, evaluated and drafted legislation in areas of foreign policy, foreign aid, human rights, housing, education, social services, and poverty; he also drafted House floor statements, Congressional Record inserts, press releases, and news articles; and he composed speeches, briefing materials, and legislative correspondence.Dr. Martin received his A.B. degree from Harvard College, J.D. from Duquesne University Thomas R. Kline School of Law, and Ph.D. from the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh.

"On September 11 (2001) the USA was struck by a terror attack on a scale never before imagined. . . Gus Martin′s reader The New Era of Terrorism is meant, as he puts it, to stimulate critical discussion about the attributes of the new era of terrorism and the policy options available to societies and governments in this era. . . The reader is organized into three thematic parts, each of which is comprised of three chapters. . .  Three articles are included in each chapter. The first articles have been selected from reputable scholarly journals, and the remaining two from policy-oriented political and legal journals and mass-market publications. . . In the reader a wide variety of analyses and opinions are given. . . While "European authors" tend to advocate an internationalist, legalistic approach, stressing the importance of coalition-building, many "American authors" are favouring a stronger, more direct approach to terrorism, showing disappointment at a weak European response. . . Overall, this is a timely, insightful read."

• Introduction - Gus MartinChapter 1. Prologue: Rethinking Policy and Theory in the New Era of TerrorismRethinking Terrorism and Counterterrorism Since 9/11 - BruceHoffmanThe Unipolar Moment Revisited - Charles KrauthammerForeword: Freedom and Security After September 11 - Viet DinhPART I. CONCEPTUALIZING THE THREAT IN THE NEW ERAChapter 2. The New Era in Perspective A Historical Analysis of Mass Casualty Bombers - Chris QuillenHarbinger or Aberration? A 9/11 Provocation - John MuellerThe Imbalance of Terror - Therese DelpechChapter 3. Defining Terrorism in the New EraTerrorism: The Problem of Definition Revisited - H.H.A. CooperMixed Message: Arab and Muslim Response to ′Terrorism′ - Mustafa Al SayyidChoices of Law, Choices of War - Noah FeldmanChapter 4. Causes of Terrorism in the New EraCross-Regional Trends in Female Terrorism - Karla J. CunninghamGod and Mammon: Does Poverty Cause Militant Islam? - Daniel PipesThe Radical Right After 9/11 - Daniel LevitasPART II. TERRORIST BEHAVIOR IN THE NEW ERAChapter 5. Exotic TerrorismWhat it Takes to Become a Nuclear Terrorist - Friedrich SteinhauslerThe Rise of Complex Terrorism - Thomas Homer-DixonThe Culture of Martyrdom: How Suicide Bombing Became not Just a Means but an End - David BrooksChapter 6. The New Era of Religious TerrorismJust War, Jihad, and Terrorism: A Comparison of Western and Islamic Norms for the Use of Political Violence - Adam L. SilvermanMust Innocents Die? The Muslim Debate Over Suicide Attacks - Haim MalkaThe New Terrorism: Securing the Nation Against a Messianic Foe - Steven SimonChapter 7. The Near-Future of TerrorismThe Terrorist Calculus Behind 9-11: A Model for Future Terrorism? - Brigitte L. NacosCan Terrorists Get the Bomb? - Gary MilhollinRussia, Islam, and the War on Terrorism: An Uneasy Future - Ariel CohenPART III. WHAT IS TO BE DONE? POLICY CHOICES IN THE NEW ERAChapter 8. Issues and Challenges for CounterterrorismThere Are No Rules′ (George W. Bush): International Order After September 11 - Andrew HurrellRights, Liberties, and Security: Recalibrating the Balance After September 11 - Stuart Taylor, Jr. A Nasty Business - Bruce HoffmanChapter 9. Counterterrorist Options in the New EraTerrorism and the Use of Force - Geir UlfsteinA New Strategy for the New Face of Terrorism - Paul L. Bremer, IIISmarter Intelligence - John Deutch and Jeffrey H. SmithChapter 10. Forging Alliances in the New EraThe End of the Unipolar Moment? September 11 and the Future of World Order - Steve SmithThe Future of International Coalitions: How Useful? How Manageable? - Paul DibbThey the People: Our Abandoned Muslim Allies - Azar Nafisi