Networking Essentials

Jeff Beasley is a professor in the Information and Communications Technology program at New Mexico State University, where he teaches computer networking and many related topics. He is coauthor of Modern Electronic Communication, 9th edition, author of Networking, 2nd edition, and coauthor of Networking Essentials, 4th edition, and Practical Guide to Advanced Networking.Piyasat Nilkaew is the director of Telecommunications and Networking at New Mexico State University. He has more than 20 years of experience in network management and consulting. He has extensive expertise in deploying and integrating multi-protocol and multi-vendor data, voice, and video network solutions. He is coauthor of Networking Essentials, 4th edition, and Practical Guide to Advanced Networking.

• Introduction xxiiCHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computer Networks 2Chapter Outline 3Objectives 3Key Terms 31-1 Introduction 51-2 Network Topologies 7Section 1-2 Review 11Test Your Knowledge 111-3 The OSI Model 12Section 1-3 Review 14Test Your Knowledge 151-4 The Ethernet LAN 16IP Addressing 20Section 1-4 Review 22Test Your Knowledge 231-5 Home Networking 24Securing a Home Network 33IP Addressing in a Home Network 34Section 1-5 Review 36Test Your Knowledge 371-6 Assembling an Office LAN 38Section 1-6 Review 43Test Your Knowledge 431-7 Testing and Troubleshooting a LAN 44Section 1-7 Review 47Test Your Knowledge 47Summary 48Questions and Problems 48Certification Questions 56CHAPTER 2 Physical Layer Cabling: Twisted-Pair 60Chapter Outline 61Objectives 61Key Terms 612-1 Introduction 632-2 Structured Cabling 64Horizontal Cabling 67Section 2-2 Review 70Test Your Knowledge 702-3 Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable 71Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable 74Section 2-3 Review 75Test Your Knowledge 752-4 Terminating CAT6/5e/5 UTP Cables 76Computer Communication 78Straight-through and Crossover Patch Cables 80Section 2-4 Review 87Test Your Knowledge 882-5 Cable Testing and Certification 89Section 2-5 Review 93Test Your Knowledge 932-6 10 Gigabit Ethernet over Copper 94Overview 94Alien Crosstalk 95Signal Transmission 96Section 2-6 Review 97Test Your Knowledge 972-7 Troubleshooting Cabling Systems 98Installation 98Cable Stretching 99Cable Failing to Meet Manufacturer Specifications 99CAT5e Cable Test Examples 100Section 2-7 Review 106Test Your Knowledge 106Summary 107Questions and Problems 107Certification Questions 115CHAPTER 3 Physical Layer Cabling: Fiber Optics 118Chapter Outline 119Objectives 119Key Terms 1193-1 Introduction 1203-2 The Nature of Light 123Graded-Index Fiber 127Single-Mode Fibers 127Section 3-2 Review 128Test Your Knowledge 1293-3 Fiber Attenuation and Dispersion 129Attenuation 129Dispersion 131Dispersion Compensation 132Section 3-3 Review 133Test Your Knowledge 1333-4 Optical Components 134Intermediate Components 135Detectors 136Fiber Connectorization 138Section 3-4 Review 139Test Your Knowledge 1403-5 Optical Networking 140Defining Optical Networking 141Building Distribution 143Campus Distribution 147Section 3-5 Review 150Test Your Knowledge 1503-6 Safety 151Section 3-6 Review 152Test Your Knowledge 152Summary 153Questions and Problems 153Certification Questions 156CHAPTER 4 Wireless Networking 158Chapter Outline 159Objectives 159Key Terms 1594-1 Introduction 1604-2 The IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard 161Section 4-2 Review 169Test Your Knowledge 1704-3 802.11 Wireless Networking 170Section 4-3 Review 180Test Your Knowledge 1814-4 Bluetooth, WiMAX, RFID, and Mobile Communications 181Bluetooth 181WiMAX 184Radio Frequency Identification 185Mobile (Cellular) Communications 188Section 4-4 Review 189Test Your Knowledge 1894-5 Configuring a Point-to-Multipoint Wireless LAN: A Case Study 190Step 1. Conducting an Antenna Site Survey 191Step 2. Establishing a Point-to-Point Wireless Link to the Home Network 191Steps 3 and 4. Configuring the Multipoint Distribution and Conducting an RF Site Survey 192Step 5. Configuring the Remote Installations 194Section 4-5 Review 195Test Your Knowledge 195Summary 196Questions and Problems 196Critical Thinking 200Certification Questions 201CHAPTER 5 Interconnecting the LANs 204Chapter Outline 205Objectives 205Key Terms 2055-1 Introduction 2065-2 The Network Bridge 207Section 5-2 Review 212Test Your Knowledge 2135-3 The Network Switch 213Hub and Switch Comparison 216Managed Switches 218Multilayer Switches 223Section 5-3 Review 224Test Your Knowledge 2245-4 The Router 225The Router Interface: Cisco 2800 Series 226Section 5-4 Review 229Test Your Knowledge 2305-5 Interconnecting LANs with the Router 230Gateway Address 233Network Segments 233Section 5-5 Review 233Test Your Knowledge 2345-6 Configuring the Network Interface: Auto-negotiation 234Auto-negotiation Steps 235Full-Duplex/Half-Duplex 235Section 5-6 Review 237Test Your Knowledge 2375-7 The Console Port Connection 238Configuring the HyperTerminal Software (Windows) 240Configuring the ZTerm Serial Communications Software (Mac) 242Section 5-7 Review 244Test Your Knowledge 244Summary 245Questions and Problems 245Critical Thinking 250Certification Questions 251CHAPTER 6 TCP/IP 254Chapter Outline 255Objectives 255Key Terms 2556-1 Introduction 2566-2 The TCP/IP Layers 257The Application Layer 258The Transport Layer 260The Internet Layer 264The Network Interface Layer 266Section 6-2 Review 267Test Your Knowledge 2676-3 Number Conversion 268Binary-to-Decimal Conversion 268Decimal-to-Binary Conversion 270Hexadecimal Numbers 271Section 6-3 Review 274Test Your Knowledge 2746-4 IPv4 Addressing 274Section 6-4 Review 278Test Your Knowledge 2786-5 Subnet Masks 278Section 6-5 Review 285Test Your Knowledge 2866-6 CIDR Blocks 286Section 6-6 Review 289Test Your Knowledge 2896-7 IPv6 Addressing 290IPv6 CIDR 294Section 6-7 Review 295Test Your Knowledge 295Summary 296Questions and Problems 296Critical Thinking 305Certification Questions 306CHAPTER 7 Introduction to Switch Configuration 310Chapter Outline 311Objectives 311Key Terms 3117-1 Introduction 3127-2 Introduction to VLANs 313Virtual LANs 313Section 7-2 Review 315Test Your Knowledge 3157-3 Introduction to Switch Configuration 316Hostname 316Enable Secret 317Setting the Line Console Passwords 317Static VLAN Configuration 319Networking Challenge: Switch Configuration 323Section 7-3 Review 323Test Your Knowledge 3247-4 Spanning-Tree Protocol 324Section 7-4 Review 326Test Your Knowledge 3277-5 Network Management 327Configuring SNMP 328Section 7-5 Review 331Test Your Knowledge 3317-6 Power over Ethernet 332Section 7-6 Review 334Test Your Knowledge 3357-7 Switch Security 335Switch Port Security 337STP Special Features 338Section 7-7 Review 340Test Your Knowledge 340Summary 341Questions and Problems 341Critical Thinking 348Certification Questions 348CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Router Configuration 352Chapter Outline 353Objectives 353Key Terms 3538-1 Introduction 3548-2 Router Fundamentals 355Layer 3 Networks 356Section 8-2 Review 362Test Your Knowledge 3628-3 The Router's User EXEC Mode (Router>) 363The User EXEC Mode 363Router Configuration Challenge: User EXEC Mode 366Section 8-3 Review 368Test Your Knowledge 3698-4 The Router's Privileged EXEC Mode (Router#) 369Hostname 371Enable Secret 371Setting the Line Console Passwords 372FastEthernet Interface Configuration 373Serial Interface Configuration 374Router Configuration Challenge: Privileged EXEC Mode 376Section 8-4 Review 378Test Your Knowledge 379Summary 380Questions and Problems 380Critical Thinking 385Certification Questions 387CHAPTER 9 Routing Protocols 390Chapter Outline 391Objectives 391Key Terms 3919-1 Introduction 3929-2 Static Routing 393Gateway of Last Resort 400Configuring Static Routes 400Networking Challenge: Static Routes 403Section 9-2 Review 404Test Your Knowledge 4049-3 Dynamic Routing Protocols 405Section 9-3 Review 406Test Your Knowledge 4079-4 Distance Vector Protocols 407Section 9-4 Review 410Test Your Knowledge 4109-5 Configuring RIP and RIPv2 410Configuring Routes with RIP 412Configuring Routes with RIPv2 417Networking Challenge: RIPv2 418Section 9-5 Review 419Test Your Knowledge 4209-6 Link State Protocols 420Section 9-6 Review 423Test Your Knowledge 4239-7 Configuring the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Routing Protocol 424Networking Challenge: OSPF 429Section 9-7 Review 430Test Your Knowledge 4309-8 Advanced Distance Vector Protocol: Configuring Enhanced Interior GatewayRouting Protocol (EIGRP) 430Configuring Routes with EIGRP 431Networking Challenge: EIGRP 436Section 9-8 Review 437Test Your Knowledge 4379-9 IPv6 Routing 438IPv6 Static Routing 438RIP for IPv6 438OSPF for IPv6 439EIGRP for IPv6 440Section 9-9 Review 440Test Your Knowledge 440Summary 442Questions and Problems 442Critical Thinking 455Certification Questions 456CHAPTER 10 Internet Technologies: Out to the Internet 458Chapter Outline 459Objectives 459Key Terms 45910-1 Introduction 46110-2 The Line Connection 463Data Channels 464Point of Presence 465Section 10-2 Review 468Test Your Knowledge 46810-3 Remote Access 468Analog Modem Technologies 469Cable Modems 470xDSL Modems 470Remote Access Server 472Section 10-3 Review 475Test Your Knowledge 47510-4 Metro Ethernet/Carrier Ethernet 476Ethernet Service Types 477Service Attributes 479Section 10-4 Review 479Test Your Knowledge 48010-5 Network Services: DHCP and DNS 480The DHCP Data Packets 482DHCP Deployment 483Network Services: DNS 485Internet Domain Names 486Section 10-5 Review 491Test Your Knowledge 49210-6 Internet Routing: BGP 492Section 10-6 Review 495Test Your Knowledge 49510-7 Analyzing Internet Data Traffic 495Utilization/Errors Strip Chart 497Network Layer Matrix 497Network Layer Host Table 498Frame Size Distribution 498Section 10-7 Review 499Test Your Knowledge 500Summary 501Questions and Problems 501Certification Questions 507CHAPTER 11 Troubleshooting 510Chapter Outline 511Objectives 511Key Terms 51111-1 Introduction 51211-2 Analyzing Computer Networks 514Using Wireshark to Inspect Data Packets 514Using Wireshark to Capture Packets 517Section 11-2 Review 519Test Your Knowledge 51911-3 Analyzing Computer Networks: FTP Data Packets 519Section 11-3 Review 520Test Your Knowledge 52111-4 Analyzing Campus Network Data Traffic 521Section 11-4 Review 524Test Your Knowledge 52411-5 Troubleshooting the Router Interface 525Section 11-5 Review 529Test Your Knowledge 52911-6 Troubleshooting the Switch Interface 530Section 11-6 Review 534Test Your Knowledge 53411-7 Troubleshooting Fiber Optics: The OTDR 535Section 11-7 Review 537Test Your Knowledge 53711-8 Troubleshooting Wireless Networks 537Hardware Issues 537Signal Strength Problems 538Frequency Interference Problems 538Load Issues 538DHCP Issues 538SSID Issues 538Securing Wi-Fi Issues 538Wireless Printer Issues 538Wireless Router Issues 539Extending the Wireless Range 539Selecting Wireless Channels 539Wireless Compatibility 539Cable Issues 540Switch Uptime 540Section 11-8 Review 540Test Your Knowledge 54011-9 Troubleshooting IP Networks 541Verifying Network Settings 543Investigating IP Address Issues 543Finding Subnet Mask Issues 544Looking for Gateway Issues 544Identifying Name Resolution Issues 544Investigating DHCP Issues 545Checking for Blocked TCP/UDP Ports 546Section 11-9 Review 546Test Your Knowledge 547Summary 548Questions and Problems 548Certification Questions 555CHAPTER 12 Network Security 558Chapter Outline 559Objectives 559Key Terms 55912-1 Introduction 56012-2 Intrusion: How Attackers Gain Control of a Network 562Social Engineering 562Password Cracking 563Packet Sniffing 564Vulnerable Software 566Preventing Vulnerable Software Attacks 567Viruses and Worms 569Section 12-2 Review 570Test Your Knowledge 57112-3 Denial of Service 571Distributed Denial of Service Attacks 574Section 12-3 Review 574Test Your Knowledge 57412-4 Security Software and Hardware 575Antivirus Software 575Personal Firewalls 575Configuring Firewall Settings for Windows 10 576Configuring Firewall Settings for Mac OS X 580Configuring Firewall Settings for Linux 581Firewalls 582Other Security Appliances 584Computer Forensics 585Section 12-4 Review 586Test Your Knowledge 58712-5 Managing Network Access 587Section 12-5 Review 589Test Your Knowledge 58912-6 Introduction to Virtual Private Networks 590VPN Tunneling Protocols 591Configuring a Remote Access VPN Server 593Configuring a Remote Client's VPN Connection 593Windows 10/8/7 VPN Client 593Mac OS X VPN Client 594Cisco VPN Client 595Section 12-6 Review 599Test Your Knowledge 59912-7 Wireless Security 600Section 12-7 Review 604Test Your Knowledge 604Summary 605Questions and Problems 605Critical Thinking 610Certification Questions 611CHAPTER 13 Cloud Computing and Virtualization 614Chapter Outline 615Objectives 615Key Terms 61513-1 Introduction 61613-2 Virtualization 617Setting Up Virtualization on Windows 8 or 10 620Section 13-2 Review 628Test Your Knowledge 62813-3 Cloud Computing 629Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 631Platform as a Service (PaaS) 632Software as a Service (SaaS) 632Cloud Infrastructures 632Section 13-3 Review 633Test Your Knowledge 63413-4 Enterprise Storage 634Section 13-4 Review 635Test Your Knowledge 635Summary 637Questions and Problems 637Certification Questions 640CHAPTER 14 Codes and Standards 642Chapter Outline 643Objectives 643Key Terms 64314-1 Introduction 64414-2 Safety Standards and Codes 645Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes (29 CFR 1910.36) 645Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes (29 CFR 1910.37) 646Emergency Action Plans (29 CFR 1910.38) 647Fire Prevention Plans (29 CFR 1910.39) 647Portable Fire Extinguishers (29 CFR 1910.157) 648Fixed Extinguishing Systems (29 CFR 1910.160) 648Fire Detection Systems (29 CFR 1910.164) 650Employee Alarm Systems (29 CFR 1910.165) 650Hazard Community