Sarah D. Shields is Associate Professor in the History Department at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

"This book expands our knowledge of Mosul in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by presenting new information culled from diplomatic archives, travel accounts, and documents of the Ottoman central government. Shields offers a revisionist view of the impact of nineteenth-century economic integration by looking at this process from the vantage of a province rather than from the viewpoint of international trade." — Hasan Kayali, coauthor of Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918

• Maps, Illustrations, Tables, and FiguresNote on SpellingAcknowledgments Introduction Sources and Voices: The ScholarsFocusActorsVoices and Sources: The CharactersOutline 1. Mosul and Its Of The Ottomans and MosulMosul's GovernmentInstitutions of GovernmentTanzimat: CentralizationStruggles for PowerTanzimat: TaxationTanzimat: Non-Muslim CommunitiesChristians versus ChristiansChallenge in the MountainsRiots in the CityThe Revolution of 1908Conclusion 2. People of the City HomesFood and WaterWorking LifeTextilesMaking Ends MeetForeign Trade, Local Government, and ConReform and ReactionConclusion 3. Merchants 1838: The Commercial ConventionCircles of Trade: Rafts and DonkeysCircles of Trade: MulesCircles of Trade: Camels Circles of Trade: SteamshipsJusticeCreditTolls, Taxes, and MonopoliesThe Challenge of CountingForeign Trade, Regional TradeConclusion 4. Peasants and the City Planting and HarvestingTaxesCreditLand Ownership Enforcement and Effects of the Land Reform LawsLabor and Increasing ExportsFood, Scarcity, and PowerConclusion 5. Nomads InterdependenceNomads, Sheep, and WoolGovernment and the Politics of the NomadsConclusion Conclusions and Suggestions Politics and Foreign Trade HistoriographyEpilogue: The Mosul Question Permeable Boundaries, Impenetrable BordersCreating a State: The Political Implications of Regional Trade AppendixNotesBibliographyIndex

Sarah D. Shields is Associate Professor in the History Department at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

"This book expands our knowledge of Mosul in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by presenting new information culled from diplomatic archives, travel accounts, and documents of the Ottoman central government. Shields offers a revisionist view of the impact of nineteenth-century economic integration by looking at this process from the vantage of a province rather than from the viewpoint of international trade." — Hasan Kayali, coauthor of Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918

• Maps, Illustrations, Tables, and FiguresNote on SpellingAcknowledgments Introduction Sources and Voices: The ScholarsFocusActorsVoices and Sources: The CharactersOutline 1. Mosul and Its Of The Ottomans and MosulMosul's GovernmentInstitutions of GovernmentTanzimat: CentralizationStruggles for PowerTanzimat: TaxationTanzimat: Non-Muslim CommunitiesChristians versus ChristiansChallenge in the MountainsRiots in the CityThe Revolution of 1908Conclusion 2. People of the City HomesFood and WaterWorking LifeTextilesMaking Ends MeetForeign Trade, Local Government, and ConReform and ReactionConclusion 3. Merchants 1838: The Commercial ConventionCircles of Trade: Rafts and DonkeysCircles of Trade: MulesCircles of Trade: Camels Circles of Trade: SteamshipsJusticeCreditTolls, Taxes, and MonopoliesThe Challenge of CountingForeign Trade, Regional TradeConclusion 4. Peasants and the City Planting and HarvestingTaxesCreditLand Ownership Enforcement and Effects of the Land Reform LawsLabor and Increasing ExportsFood, Scarcity, and PowerConclusion 5. Nomads InterdependenceNomads, Sheep, and WoolGovernment and the Politics of the NomadsConclusion Conclusions and Suggestions Politics and Foreign Trade HistoriographyEpilogue: The Mosul Question Permeable Boundaries, Impenetrable BordersCreating a State: The Political Implications of Regional Trade AppendixNotesBibliographyIndex

Sarah D. Shields is Associate Professor in the History Department at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

"This book expands our knowledge of Mosul in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by presenting new information culled from diplomatic archives, travel accounts, and documents of the Ottoman central government. Shields offers a revisionist view of the impact of nineteenth-century economic integration by looking at this process from the vantage of a province rather than from the viewpoint of international trade." — Hasan Kayali, coauthor of Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918

• Maps, Illustrations, Tables, and FiguresNote on SpellingAcknowledgments Introduction Sources and Voices: The ScholarsFocusActorsVoices and Sources: The CharactersOutline 1. Mosul and Its Of The Ottomans and MosulMosul's GovernmentInstitutions of GovernmentTanzimat: CentralizationStruggles for PowerTanzimat: TaxationTanzimat: Non-Muslim CommunitiesChristians versus ChristiansChallenge in the MountainsRiots in the CityThe Revolution of 1908Conclusion 2. People of the City HomesFood and WaterWorking LifeTextilesMaking Ends MeetForeign Trade, Local Government, and ConReform and ReactionConclusion 3. Merchants 1838: The Commercial ConventionCircles of Trade: Rafts and DonkeysCircles of Trade: MulesCircles of Trade: Camels Circles of Trade: SteamshipsJusticeCreditTolls, Taxes, and MonopoliesThe Challenge of CountingForeign Trade, Regional TradeConclusion 4. Peasants and the City Planting and HarvestingTaxesCreditLand Ownership Enforcement and Effects of the Land Reform LawsLabor and Increasing ExportsFood, Scarcity, and PowerConclusion 5. Nomads InterdependenceNomads, Sheep, and WoolGovernment and the Politics of the NomadsConclusion Conclusions and Suggestions Politics and Foreign Trade HistoriographyEpilogue: The Mosul Question Permeable Boundaries, Impenetrable BordersCreating a State: The Political Implications of Regional Trade AppendixNotesBibliographyIndex