This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Quantum Chaos - Theory and Experiment", held at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, in 1991. It brings together leading quantum chaos theorists and experimentalists and aims to improve our understanding of the physics of quantum systems whose classical limit is chaotic. Quantum chaos is a subject of considerable current interest in a variety of fields, in particular nuclear physics, chemistry, statistical mechanics, atomic physics, condensed matter physics and nonlinear dynamics. The volume contains lectures about the currently most active fronts of quantum chaos, such as scars, semiclassical methods, quantum diffusion, random matrix spectra, quantum chaos in atomic and nuclear physics, and possible implications of quantum chaos for the problem of quantum measurement.