Bernard d'Espagnat, Emeritus Professor at the University of Paris, Orsay, was born in Fourmagnac, France, on August 22, 1921. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the Sorbonne in 1950. He was a research physicist at the French National centre for Scientific Research, at the Fermi National Accelerator labouratory in Chicago, at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, and at CERN in Geneva. In 1959, d'Espagnat joined the University of Paris, where he was professor at both the Paris and Orsay campuses. Professor d'Espagnat was director of the labouratoire de Physique Theorique et Particules Elementaires, Orsay, from 1970 to 1987. In 1996 he was elected into the Institut de France (Académie des Sciences morales et politiques) as a philosopher of science.

• * Philosophy and Physics * Matter Waves, Superposition, Linearity * The Rules of Quantum Mechanics * Comments * Complements * The Density Matrix Formalism * Proper and Improper Mixtures * Quantum States and the Nonseparability Problem * The EPR Problem and Nonseparability * On Measurement * Variations on a Bohrian Theme * Quantum Mechanics as a Universal Theory, Classical Appearances in a Quantum World * Ontological Approaches (Hidden Variables and All That) * Open Realism * Veiled, Independent Reality, Empirical Reality * Lessons and Hints from Quantum Physics

Bernard d'Espagnat, Emeritus Professor at the University of Paris, Orsay, was born in Fourmagnac, France, on August 22, 1921. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the Sorbonne in 1950. He was a research physicist at the French National centre for Scientific Research, at the Fermi National Accelerator labouratory in Chicago, at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, and at CERN in Geneva. In 1959, d'Espagnat joined the University of Paris, where he was professor at both the Paris and Orsay campuses. Professor d'Espagnat was director of the labouratoire de Physique Theorique et Particules Elementaires, Orsay, from 1970 to 1987. In 1996 he was elected into the Institut de France (Académie des Sciences morales et politiques) as a philosopher of science.

• * Philosophy and Physics * Matter Waves, Superposition, Linearity * The Rules of Quantum Mechanics * Comments * Complements * The Density Matrix Formalism * Proper and Improper Mixtures * Quantum States and the Nonseparability Problem * The EPR Problem and Nonseparability * On Measurement * Variations on a Bohrian Theme * Quantum Mechanics as a Universal Theory, Classical Appearances in a Quantum World * Ontological Approaches (Hidden Variables and All That) * Open Realism * Veiled, Independent Reality, Empirical Reality * Lessons and Hints from Quantum Physics

Bernard d'Espagnat, Emeritus Professor at the University of Paris, Orsay, was born in Fourmagnac, France, on August 22, 1921. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the Sorbonne in 1950. He was a research physicist at the French National centre for Scientific Research, at the Fermi National Accelerator labouratory in Chicago, at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen, and at CERN in Geneva. In 1959, d'Espagnat joined the University of Paris, where he was professor at both the Paris and Orsay campuses. Professor d'Espagnat was director of the labouratoire de Physique Theorique et Particules Elementaires, Orsay, from 1970 to 1987. In 1996 he was elected into the Institut de France (Académie des Sciences morales et politiques) as a philosopher of science.

• * Philosophy and Physics * Matter Waves, Superposition, Linearity * The Rules of Quantum Mechanics * Comments * Complements * The Density Matrix Formalism * Proper and Improper Mixtures * Quantum States and the Nonseparability Problem * The EPR Problem and Nonseparability * On Measurement * Variations on a Bohrian Theme * Quantum Mechanics as a Universal Theory, Classical Appearances in a Quantum World * Ontological Approaches (Hidden Variables and All That) * Open Realism * Veiled, Independent Reality, Empirical Reality * Lessons and Hints from Quantum Physics